10 PM Current Affairs Quiz: July 23, 2020

All of the above rights form part of the article 21 of right to life and personal liberty.

The expanded scope of Article 21 has been explained Unni Krishnan v. State of A.P.1993. In the case the Supreme Court provided the list of some of the rights covered under Article 21:

-The right to go abroad

-The right to privacy

-The right to education

-The right against solitary confinement

-The right against hand cuffing

-The right against delayed execution

-The right to shelter

-Right to livelihood

-Right to health and medical aid

-The right against custodial death

-The right against public hanging

-Doctors assistance

The right to speedy trial was given a status of fundamental right under article 21 in Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, 1980 case.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Supreme Court and High Courts derive their power to punish for contempt of court from the Constitution, article 129 and 215 respectively.

The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 outlines the procedure in relation to investigation and punishment for contempt.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Contempt of Courts Act divides contempt into civil and criminal contempt:

-Civil contempt refers to the willful disobedience of an order of any court.

–Criminal contempt includes any act or publication which ‘scandalizes’ the court, or prejudices any judicial proceeding, or interferes with the administration of justice in any other manner.

The U.S.-India Business Council’s India Ideas Summit 2020 was held virtually recently. It provides a platform for views from leaders in business, government and society from across the United States and India.

The 2020 Summit Speakers include U.S. Secretary of State; India’s Prime Minister, Minister of External Affairs S. Jaishankar among others. The theme for this year’s Summit is ‘Building a Better Future’.

The U.S.-India Business Council was formed in 1975 as a business advocacy organization to promote the private sectors of both India and United States to enhance investment flows.

Both statements are correct.

The Lonar Lake, Buldhana District in Maharashtra is suspected to have developed due to impact of a large meteorite on Deccan Basaltic rocks of Cretaceous age. The depression bears a saline water lake in its central portion.

The lake recently turned pink mysteriously. It has now been reported that the reason for this change was the large presence of salt-loving ‘Haloarchaea’ microbes. Haloarchaea are a class of the Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt and produces pink pigment.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organization under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Council is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.

The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) recommends MSP for crops to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs.

Criticality refers to the normal operating condition of a reactor, in which nuclear fuel sustains a fission chain reaction. A reactor achieves criticality when each fission event releases a sufficient number of neutrons to sustain an ongoing series of reactions.

In fission, when a Uranium atom is hit by a neutron, it splits into two smaller atoms and it also emits a few neutrons. A neutron might escape the reactor, it might get absorbed by metal in the reactor machinery or it might be absorbed by another uranium atom, causing another fission.

To keep reactor power steady, one of these neutrons must cause another fission. If that happens, the reactor is in a configuration such that one neutron from each atom fissioned causes another fission – the reactor is said to be critical.

‘Subcritical’ refers to a system where the loss rate of neutrons is greater than the production rate and ‘Supercritical’ refers to a system where the production rate of neutrons is greater than the loss rate.

Option 1 is correct. Ream Naval Base is a facility operated by the Royal Cambodian Navy on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand in the province of Sihanoukville, Cambodia.

Option 2 is incorrect. Malé is the principal port, major city and capital of the Maldives, an archipelago nation in the Indian Ocean.

Option 3 is correct. Kuantan Port, an all-weather port, is a multi-cargo deep seaport facing the South China Sea in Malaysia.

Statement 1 is correct. Article 227 of the constitution provides for power of superintendence of the High Courts over all courts and tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction.

The High Court may: call for returns from such courts; make and issue general rules and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and proceedings of such courts; and prescribe forms in which books, entries and accounts shall be kept by the officers of any such courts.

Article 227(4) explicitly states that it does not confer High Courts with powers of superintendence over any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

Statement 2 is correct. Article 230 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament may by law extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to, or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court from, any Union territory.

Further article 231 provides that the Parliament may by law establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union territory.

The Bharat drone is a light surveillance quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Army.

The Bharat series of drones are developed by a Chandigarh-based laboratory of the DRDO. It is said to be among the world’s most agile and lightest surveillance drone indigenously developed by the DRDO

-It is equipped with artificial intelligence that helps it to detect friends and enemies.

-It can survive in extreme weather conditions.

Statement 1 is correct. The Committee on Content Regulation in Government Advertising (CCRGA) was established following the direction by the Supreme Court in 2016 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, to effectuate the Supreme Court Guidelines on Content Regulation of Government Advertising.

–Government advertising refers to the use of public funds by ruling parties to project their achievements or make announcements about upcoming initiatives.

-Under the Supreme Court guidelines: “the content of government advertisements should be relevant to the governments’ constitutional and legal obligations as well as the citizens’ rights and entitlements”.

Statement 2 is correct. The committee addresses complaints from the general public on violation of the guidelines prescribed by the Court.

The committee can also take suo-moto cognizance of any violation/ deviation of the Supreme Court guidelines and recommend corrective actions.