A GM crop decision that cuts the mustard

Source: The post is based on the article “A GM crop decision that cuts the mustard” published in “The Hindu” on 16th September 2023.

Syllabus: GS3- agriculture- food security

News: The article discusses the importance and benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops, especially GM mustard in India, for improving food production, reducing edible oil imports, and supporting farmers’ incomes and self-reliance in agriculture.

What is the current status of GM crops?

Global Status of GM Crops:

GM crops are seen as essential for global food and nutritional security, especially in a changing climate.

72 countries have adopted GM crops for various uses like food, feed, or cultivation.

Major crops include maize, soybean, cotton, and canola, but expansion to other crops is ongoing.

Economic gains from GM crops between 1996-2018 amounted to $224.9 billion.

Over 16 million farmers globally benefit from GM crops, with 95% in developing countries.

India’s Status of GM Crops:

Bt cotton, commercialized over 20 years ago, is a successful GM crop in India.

India recently approved the cultivation of a GM mustard hybrid, DMH-11, developed at the University of Delhi South Campus.

The introduction of GM mustard aims to reduce edible oil imports, promoting self-reliance in agriculture.

What is GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11?

GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11:

Origin: Developed at the Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants at the University of Delhi South Campus.

Yield: Offers higher vigor and yield, addressing India’s edible oil deficit.

Technology: Utilizes the barnase/barstar system; this method involves removing male fertility in one parent and restoring it in the offspring.

Special Trait: Contains a herbicide tolerance gene used both for selecting genetically transformed lines and for hybrid seed production.

What is the significance of GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11?

Tackling Oil Deficit and Imports: Helps address India’s edible oil deficit where 60% of demand is met by imports, potentially reducing the oil-import burden which was approximately ₹1.17 lakh crore.

Increased Production: Offers higher yield and vigor, crucial for boosting domestic edible oil production.

Economic Impact: Enhances the economic well-being of farmers through increased crop yield.

Innovation in Agriculture: Symbolizes a significant advancement in India’s genetic engineering, ushering in new crop varieties with better traits.

Diversity in Breeding: The barnase/barstar-based hybrid introduces variety in mustard breeding, diversifying India’s traditionally narrow genetic base.

Promoting Self-Reliance: The cultivation of DMH-11 signifies a move towards agricultural self-reliance and sustainability, reducing external dependencies.