Armoured Sailfin Catfish

Source-This post on Armoured Sailfin Catfish is based on the article “CCMB scientists find armoured sailfin catfish has spread to 60% of water bodies of Eastern Ghats” published in “The Hindu” on 16th May 2024.

Why in the News?

Scientists at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) have discovered that the armoured sailfin catfish now occupies 60% of the water bodies in the Eastern Ghats, causing damage to fishing nets and the ecosystem.

About the Armoured Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys)

1. General Characteristics: It is known as Rakashi or devil fish. It belongs to the genus Pterygoplichthys. It exhibits a remarkable ability to thrive on a varied diet and survive in low-oxygen environments. It is capable of navigating on land using its powerful fins.

2. Reason for Introduction: This species was initially introduced due to its unique appearance and utility in cleaning algal growth in tanks and aquariums.

3. Invasive Status: It is classified as an invasive species, with a rapidly expanding population confirmed by advanced genetic testing methods such as ‘eDNA-based quantitative PCR assay’.

4. Impact on the Environment:

a) Threat to Biodiversity: It is known for consuming large quantities of native fish, thus threatening the balance of aquatic ecosystems.

b) Physical Characteristics and Threats: It lacks commercial value and is equipped with sharp spines and a robust body, which have damaged fishing nets and caused injuries to fishermen.

Significance in the Ornamental Fish Trade:

a) Regulation by National Biodiversity Authority (NBA): Listed as one of the 14 invasive species by the NBA, specifically highlighting its prominence in the ornamental fish industry.

b) Predominance in Invasive Listings: Four out of the six species introduced for ornamental purposes and listed as invasive belong to the Pterygoplichthys genus, marking it as a particularly problematic invasive group.

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