Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – February 22, 2018

Statement 1 is incorrect. COPD is not one single disease but an umbrella term used to describe chronic lung diseases that cause limitations in lung airflow. It is not a simple smoker’s cough, but an under-diagnosed, life threatening lung disease. The most common symptoms of COPD are breathlessness, or a ‘need for air’, excessive sputum production, and a chronic cough. Daily activities, such as walking up a short flight of stairs, may become very difficult as the disease worsens.

According to WHO estimates, 64 million people have COPD and 3 million people died of COPD in 2004. Total deaths from COPD are projected to increase in the next 20 years, making it the third leading cause of death in the world unless urgent action is taken to reduce underlying risk factors, especially tobacco use and air pollution.

Statement 2 is correct. COPD is preventable, but not curable. Treatment can help slow disease progression, but COPD generally worsens slowly over time. Because of this, it is most frequently diagnosed in people aged 40 years or older. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are terms that are no longer used and are now included within the COPD diagnosis.

Dimethyl ether (DME), also known as methoxymethane, is the organic compound with the formula CH3OCH3, simplified to C2H6O.

Dimethyl ether (typically abbreviated as DME), also known as methoxymethane, wood ether, dimethyl oxide or methyl ether, is the simplest ether. It is a colourless, slightly narcotic, nontoxic, highly flammable gas at ambient conditions, but can be handled as a liquid when lightly pressurized. The properties of DME are similar to those of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). DME is degradable in the atmosphere and is not a greenhouse gas.

Multifactorial inheritance disorders are caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in multiple genes; for example Alzheimer’s disease.

Examples of multifactorial inheritance include:

1. Heart disease,
2. High blood pressure,
3. Alzheimer’s disease,
4. Arthritis,
5. Diabetes,
6. Cancer, and
7. Obesity

The single-gene or monogenic diseases result from modifications in a single gene occurring in all cells of the body. They are called single gene inheritance, also called Mendelian or monogenetic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations that occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene. These disorders are known as monogenetic disorders (disorders of a single gene).

Some examples of monogenetic disorders include:

1. Thalassaemia
2. Sickle cell anemia
3. Haemophilia
4. Cystic Fibrosis
5. Tay sachs disease
6. Fragile X syndrome
7. Huntington’s disease

Lispro Insulin in comparison with regular human insulin, is a well effective and fast acting recombinant insulin.

Epoetin alfa is a novel and well-recognized recombinant protein that can be effectively used in curing of anemia. It is produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats or CRISPR is a more recent development of recombinant DNA technology. This system can be used to target destruction of genes in human cells. Activation, suppression, addition, and deletion of genes in human’s cells, mice, rats, zebrafish, bacteria, fruit flies, yeast, nematodes, and crops proved the technique a promising one.

All pairs are correctly matched.

Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by bacterial microorganisms known as Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms; in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. The symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

Plasmodium, a tiny protozoan is responsible for malaria. Different species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria and P. falciparum) are responsible for different types of malaria. Of these, malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal.

1. Radish: Taproots root systems
2. Onion: Fibrous root systems
3. Bamboo: Adventitious root system

Both the statements are correct.

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.

The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas for this purpose.