Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – February 8, 2018

All the Statement is correct

• Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyan or KUSUM scheme would provide extra income to farmers, by giving them an option to sell additional power to the grid through solar power projects set up on their barren lands
• The components of the scheme include building 10,000 MW solar plants on barren lands and providing sops to DISCOMS to purchase the electricity produced, ‘solarising’ existing pumps of 7250 MW as well as government tube wells with a capacity of 8250 MW and distributing 17.5 lakh solar pumps.
• The 60% subsidy on the solar pumps provided to farmers will be shared between the Centre and the States while 30% would be provided through bank loans. The balance cost has to be borne by the farmers.

Statement 1 is correct :

Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Hall-effect thrusters trap electrons in a magnetic field and then use the electrons to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Hall-effect thrusters (based on the discovery by Edwin Hall) are sometimes referred to as Hall thrusters or Hall-current thrusters. Hall thrusters are often regarded as a moderate specific impulse (1,600 s) space propulsion technology.

Statement 2 is correct:

The propellant, which consists of a inert gas such as xenon or krypton at low pressure, is injected into the thruster’s channel. Since Hall thrusters use inert gas for propellant, there is no risk of explosion as there is with chemical rockets. Some of the trapped electrons in the channel collide with the propellant atoms, creating ions. When the propellant ions are generated, they experience the electric field produced between the channel (positive) and the ring of electrons (negative) and accelerate out of the thruster, creating an ion beam.

According to Google, the three steps will safeguard a user’s Android mobile device and account against several online threats such as hijacking, malicious apps and loss of personal data.

The first security step pertains to Google account holders who can run a security status check on their Gmail account.

Secondly, Google advises Android device users to use Google Play Protect, a tool which scans the device for malware during and after installation of apps. To do this users can tap on Google Play Protect option found by going into Settings ->Security.

Thirdly, Google advices Android users to download the Find My Device, an app which allows a user to locate

Statement 1 is correct:

The main cause of perishability of fruits and vegetables are their high water content. To increase the shelf life of these fruits and vegetables many methods or combination of methods had been tried.

Osmotic dehydration is one of the best and suitable method to increase the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.

In osmotic dehydration the solutes used are generally sugar syrup with fruit slices or cubes and salt (sodium chloride) or brine with vegetables. This is multicomponent diffusion process.

In this process water flow from fruits or vegetables to solution and along with water some components of fruits and vegetables such as minerals, vitamins, fruit acids etc. also move towards solution. The sugar and salt migrate towards the fruits and vegetables.

Statement 2 is correct:

Saltiness of the soil in which the earthworm lives is an important factor which decides it survival because earthworms are highly sensitive to salt stress.

The salinity may reduce their growth at low salt concentrations or cause mortality at high salt concentrations.

They are unable to tolerate high ionic strength, because high salt concentration destroy their sensitive skin, the earthworms cannot have the control over the osmotic regulation.

In addition, the neurosecretory cells in earthworms play a vital role in water balance as well as ionic and osmotic regulation.

Statement 3 is correct:

Soap solution is very concentrated-Hypertonic solution. So water moves out of finger cells by osmosis

The material used for fuse elements must be of :

• low melting point,
• low ohmic loss,
• high conductivity (or low resistivity),
• low cost and free from detraction.
• The material used for making fuse element has a low melting point such as tin, lead, or zinc.
• A low melting point is, however, available with a high specific resistance metal shown in the table below

Both the statement is incorrect:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins .

All eukaryotic cells contain an endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In animal cells, the ER usually constitutes more than half of the membranous content of the cell.

Differences in certain physical and functional characteristics distinguish the two types of ER, known as rough ER and smooth ER.

There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).

Both types are present in plant and animal cells. The two types of ER often appear as if separate, but they are sub-compartments of the same organelle.

Cells specialising in the production of proteins will tend to have a larger amount of rough ER whilst cells producing lipids (fats) and steroid hormones will have a greater amount of smooth ER.

The image formed by a concave lens is always virtual, erect and smaller in size than the object. This led to the use of concave lens in various applications.

Concave lenses have several uses, including in eyeglasses and contacts, flashlights, peepholes, binoculars, photography.

Curving inward, concave lenses cause light to spread out, resulting in a smaller image for the viewer.