Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – January 14, 2019

Bhukti were provinces in Gupta administration. They were the largest unit of administration.
These Bhuktis were divided into the vishayas or districts. These vishayas in Bengal and Bihar were headed by Vishayapati. But in Western UP vishyapti were placed under incharge of district officer known as Bhoga. Vishayas were divided into vithis which were administered by committes. Vithi consisted of the villages which were the lowest unit of an administration. Village affairs were managed by the officer known as Gramikas with the help of elders who were known as Mahattama, Mahattaka and Mahattara. Sandivigraha was minister of war and peace. It first appeared under Samudragupta.

Statement 1 is correct. The Ahmadiya movement was launched by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadiyan in 1889, who began his work as a defender of Islam against the polemics of the Arya Samaj and the Christian missionaries.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Ahmadiyas opposed jihad or sacred war against non-Muslims and stressed fraternal relations among all people.
More about Ahmadiya Movement
The movement spread Western liberal education among Indian Muslims and started a network of schools and colleges for that purpose.
Ghulam Ahmad was greatly influenced  by Western liberalism, Theosophy, and the religious-reform movements of the Hindus.
The Ahmadiya movement based itself, like the Brahmo Samaj, on the principles of a universal religion of all humanity.

Statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2 is incorrect. HSRA brought out a Manifesto known as “Philosophy of the Bomb“. This manifesto was written by Bhagawathi Charan Vohra, and not Batukeshwar Dutt.
More about HSRA
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a revolutionary organization, also known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thaparand others.
There were many early attempts at disruption and obtaining funds, such as the robbery of a post office in Calcutta and of monies belonging to a railway at Chittagong, both in 1923, but the Kakori train robberywas the most prominent of the early HRA efforts.
The association’s methods were diametrically opposite to that of Gandhi’s Nonviolent resistance The revolutionaries and their methods were severely criticised by Gandhi.

Nasadiya Sukta which talks about the origin of the Universe is in 10th Mandala. It begins by paradoxically stating “not the non-existent existed, nor did the existent exist then” and has attracted large body of literature of commentaries both in Indian theology and in Western philology.

Tolkappiyaam has classified Sangam age into following geographical division
Kurinji (Mountianous).
Mullai (Forests e)
Marutham (Agricultural Land )
Neithal (Coastal)
Paalai (Desert)

Blood and iron policy of balban implied being ruthless to the enemies, use of sword, harshness and strictness and shedding blood.
It allowed use of all sorts of methods of terrorisms the enemies and inflicting violence upon them.
The Mewati Rajput’s had become a terror for the people of Delhi. They used to loot, kill and abduct women.
Balban crushed the Mewatis with an iron hand. Their hide-outs were besieged and every Mewati caught was immediately killed.

Statement 1 is incorrect because the three pitakas such as Vinay,Abhidhamma and sutta Pitakas are associated with Buddhist scriptures.
Statement 2 is incorrect because Agamas are texts of Jainism based on the discourses of the tirthankara. Agamas exist in Hinduism as well. The earliest versions of Jain Agamas known were composed in Ardhamagadhi Prakrit language.