Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – January 22, 2018

During the Neolithic phase, the cultivation of plants and domestication of animals led to the emergence of village communities based settlements.

Domestication of animals was started at the end of Mesolithic period and it was in large scale in Neolithic culture.

Hunting and gathering pattern started from the time of old age and it was continued in Mesolithic and Neolithic period also. However there is a shift in hunting pattern as earlier it was big animals are targeted but in later small animals are widely hunted.

Invention of Iron came in picture in Vedic period. The Neolithic period people used polished stone tools.

Statement 1 is correct. The members of the Constituent assembly were indirectly elected by the members of the provincial assemblies by method of single transferable vote system of proportional representations.

Statement 2 is incorrect. It was not a representative body since all the members were not directly elected by adult franchise.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Members from the princely states are not elected; they are nominated by the princes.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Lord Dufferin (1826-1902) was the Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888). He had succeeded Lord Ripon in December 1884 and was known as one of the most successful diplomats of his time. Foundation of Indian National Congress by A O Hume in 1885 and Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885 are two important events of his period.

Statement 2 is correct. On April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. He succeeded Lord Reading. The following important events happened during the times of Lord Irwin. Appointment of Simon Commission, Nehru Report, All Parties Conference, Jinnah’s 14 Points, Civil disobedience Movement, Round Table Conferences.

Statement 3 is correct. Lord Curzon served as Governor General and Viceroy of India from 6 January 1899 to 18 November 1905. The events happened during his tenure are Education Commission, enactment of Indian Universities Act, 1904, Land Resolution of 1902, Punjab Land Alienation Act 1900, Establishment of Imperial Departments of Agriculture and Commerce, Industry; Indian Coinage and Paper Currency Act, 1899; establishment of a training college for army officers at Quetta; Calcutta Corporation Act, 1899; Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1904; Military expedition to Tibet, Occupation of Chumby Valley and the most hated Partition of Bengal. He is also known as most unpopular viceroy of India.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Indigo Revolt of 1860 was concentrated in Bengal region only. The revolt began from Govindpur village in Nadia district of Bengal where Biswas brothers gave up indigo cultivation. This was followed by a struggle with the Lathiyals and revolt spread in many parts of Bengal.

Statement 2 is correct. The indigo revolt gave birth to political movement and aroused national sentiment against the alien British rulers among Indian masses. The Neel Darpan of Din Bandhu Mitra portrayed the oppressed peasants.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Hindu Muslim Unity, support from Bengal intelligentsia made the revolt more effective. Finally, Indigo commission was appointed which held the planters guilty, and criticized them for the coercive methods they used with indigo cultivators.

The Indian Struggle, 1920–1942 is a two-part book by the Indian nationalist leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose that covers the 1920–1942 history of the Indian independence movement to end British imperial rule over India.

Bhagat Singh wrote “Why am an Atheist” to emphasize the importance of reason for a revolutionary.

Philosophy of bomb was written by Bhagawati Charan Vohra in consultation with Chandra Shekhar Azad.

Statement 1 is correct. After the Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement in 1922. This was met with a lot of disagreements among leaders of the Congress Party. While some wanted to continue non-cooperation, others wanted to end the legislature boycott and contest elections. The others who wanted to enter the legislative council and obstruct the British government from within were called the pro-changers. Pro changers started the swarayja party.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Those who wanted to enter the legislative council and obstruct the British government from within were called the pro-changers. These leaders included C R Das, Motilal Nehru, Srinivasa Iyengar, etc. These people started Swaraj Party.

No-changers are leaders included Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, C Rajagopalachari, etc.

Statement 3 is incorrect. it was the Swarajists contested elections as a separate ‘group’ within the Congress Party not against the congress party.

Both statements are correct. Congress, both moderates and extremists decided to boycott the Commission “at every stage and in every form”. The Muslim League led by M A Jinnah also boycotted it. A certain section of members led by Muhammad Shafi supported the government. The Justice Party in the South decided to side with the government on this issue.

In Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai, who was leading the demonstration against the Simon Commission, was brutally lathi-charged. He died later that year due to injuries sustained then.