Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – January 24, 2019

Type 1 diabetes: results from the body’s failure to produce insulin, and requires the person to inject insulin. Patients with type1 diabetes will need to take insulin injection for the rest of their life. They must also ensure proper blood glucose level by carrying out regular tests.

Type 2 diabetes: results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. Some people may be able to control their type 2 symptoms by doing exercise, loosing weight, maintaining healthy diet and monitoring their blood glucose level.

Asteroids are composed mainly of rock and metals, while comets are made of ice, dust and small rocks. An object becomes a meteor if it enters Earth’s atmosphere. Since meteors leave visible streaks across the sky, they are often known as shooting stars. The term “meteorite” refers to solid debris that survives entry and impact with the ground.

Because the image is smaller, more image can fit onto the mirror, so a convex mirror provides for a larger field of view than a plane mirror. This is why they are useful. They are used whenever a mirror with a large field of view is needed. For example, the passenger-side rear view mirror

Both the above statement are true for INSPIRE program rather than VAJRA Scheme

Important fact about VAJRA Scheme:

VAJRA (Visiting Advanced Joint Research) Faculty Scheme is a dedicated program exclusively for overseas scientists and academicians with emphasis on Non-resident Indians (NRI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) / Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) to work as adjunct / visiting faculty for a specific period of time in Indian Public funded academic and research institutions.

The Scheme recognizes the value of collaborative research as a crucial element for information sharing among researchers for updating and acquiring knowledge and skills, and also to draw different perspectives to solve a shared problem.

Cryogenics – the study and use of materials at extremely low temperatures

Application of cryogenic involves

Cryosurgery-

• Use of extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen (or argon gas) to destroy abnormal tissue

Magnetic resonance imaging :

• Complex application of NMR where geometry of the resonances is deconvoluted and used to image objects by detecting the relaxation of protons that have been perturbed by a radio-frequency pulse in the strong magnetic field. Mostly used in health applications

Blood Banking:

• Certain rare blood groups are stored at low temperatures, such as −165 °C

Cryonics which involves storing dead body is not scientifically accepted as application of cryogenics by National Institute of scientific standards and principles

Option 2 is incorrect because Ladakh was chosen among 3 regions for the study under this programme.The other two were Kutch and Lonar Crater.

The objective is for participating scientific researchers, educators and students to visit remote and extreme environments in different parts of the world and conduct astrogeological/biological experiments, make observations and learn about the origin, sustenance and adaptation of living organisms within such biosphere.

• Fibrous Joints: Fibrous joints do not allow any movement. This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures, to form the cranium.
• Synovial Joints: Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement.
• Cartilaginous Joints: In cartilaginous joints, the bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages.
• Arthritis: Inflammation of joints.
• Osteoporosis: Age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. Decreased levels of estrogen is a common cause.
• Gout: Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals.