Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – November 27

Nagpur Session, December 1920

• The Napur (special session )was presided by C. Vijayaraghavachariar
• The programme of non-cooperation was endorsed.
• An important change was made in Congress creed; now, instead of having the attainment of self-government through constitutional means as its goal, the Congress decided to have the attainment of Swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means, thus committing itself to an extra-constitutional mass struggle.

Note: Resolution on fundamental rights which included primary education as a fundamental right was introduced in Karachi Session of INC, 1931.

Wavell Plan

• A conference was convened by the viceroy, Lord Wavell; at Shimla in June 1945
• Aimed to reconstruct the governor general’s executive council pending the preparation of a new constitution.
• Wavell Plan is also known as Breakdown Plan and was not accepted by the British, for whom, leaving without a universally agreed agreement was dishonorable. It also said that in case of a disagreement, the British should withdraw to the 6 Pakistan Provinces, and leaving the Congress to deal with rest of India.

Main Proposals

• With the exception of the governor-general and the commander-in-chief, all members of the executive council were to be Indians.
• Hindus and Muslims were to have equal representation.
• The reconstructed council was to function as an interim government within the framework of the 1935 Act (i.e. not responsible to the Central Assembly).
• Governor- General was to exercise his veto on the advice of ministers.
• Representatives of different parties were, to submit a joint list to the viceroy for nominations to the executive council.
• If a joint list was not possible, then separate lists were to be submitted.
• Possibilities were to be, kept open for negotiations on a new constitution once the war was finally won.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was a revolutionary organisation, also known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla in New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, SukhdevThapar and others.

As early as 1902, the three societies came together under a single umbrella of AnushilanSamiti. The AnushilanSamiti was established by PramathanathMitra, a barrister from Calcutta. The people associated with this samiti were Sri Aurobindo ,DeshabandhuChittaranjan Das, Surendranath Tagore, JatindranathBanerjee, BaghaJatin, BhupendraNathaDatta, BarindraGhosh etc.

Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a left-wing Indian association that sought to foment revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youths. It was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926and was a more public face of the Hindustan Republican Association.

Abhinav Bharat Society (Young India Society) was a secret society founded by VinayakDamodarSavarkar and his brother GaneshDamodarSavarkar in 1903.

Statement 1 is incorrect:

The Servants of India Society was formed in Pune, Maharashtra on June 17, 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Statement 2 and 3 are correct:

The Society organised many campaigns to promote education, sanitation, health care and fight the social evils of untouchability and discrimination, alcoholism, poverty, oppression of women and domestic abuse. It chose to remain away from political activities and national organisations like the Indian National Congress. Though the servants of India Society declined after the death of Gokhale it still continues its activities with a small membership in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Statement 1 is Incorrect:

Khyal is a form of vocal music in Hindustani music. It was adopted from medieval Persian music It is special as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion.

Statement 2 and 3 are correct:

Thumri is a semi classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh. The lyrics are typically in BrijBhasha and are usually romantic.

Tappa is a form of Indian semi- classical vocal music. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by MianGhulamNabiShori.

• BhimsenJoshi was on Indian vocalist in the Hindustani classical tradition. He was the member of the KiranaGharana. He is famous for  Khyal form of singing. He enriched the kiranagharana by adding his own  distinctive style and adopting characteristics from other gharanas.
• PanditJasraj is the exponent of the MewatiGharana of Hindustani classical music. PanditJasraj’s greatest contribution to Indian music is his conception of an unique and novel jugalbandhi based on the ancient system of moorchanas, between a male and a female vocalist, each singing in their respective scales and different ragas  at the same time.
• Begum Parveen Sultana is a Assamese Hindustani classical singer of the Patiala Gharana. She is among the foremost classical vocalist in India. She is known as Queen of Classical Vocal. She was conferred the Padmashri in 1976
• Girija Devi is an Hindustani classical  singer of the Banaras gharana. She sings different general of Hindustani vocal music like Khyal, Thumri, Dadra, Chaiti and Kajri. But  her forte lies in singing the poorab and Thumri. So she is called the Queen of Thumri.

Mohiniattam or Mohiniyattam is an Indian classical dance form that evolved in the state of Kerala, India, and is counted among the two popular dance arts of the state, the other being Kathakali. Although its roots date back to the age-old Sanskrit Hindu text on performing arts called ‘NatyaShastra’, similar to other Indian classical dance forms, Mohiniattam adheres to the Lasya type that showcases a more graceful, gentle and feminine form of dancing. Mohiniattam derives its name from the word ‘Mohini’, a female avatar of Lord Vishnu. Conventionally a solo dance performed by female artists, it emotes a play through dancing and singing where the song is customarily in Manipravala which is a mix of Sanskrit and Malayalam language and the recitation may be either performed by the dancer herself or by a vocalist with the music style being Carnatic.