Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – November 5, 2018

The Cabinet Mission of 1946  aimed to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian leadership, with the aim of preserving India’s unity and granting it independence.

3 members of the British Cabinet – Pattrick Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A V Alexander – were sent to India, known as the Cabinet Mission.

Main features of Cabinet Mission were –

Provisions for three groups of provinces to possess their separate constitutions.

Proposed the formation of a Union of India, comprising both the British India and the Princely States.

Union would remain in charge of only foreign affairs, defence and communications leaving the residuary powers to be vested in the provinces.

Proposed setting up an Interim Government, which would remain in office till a new government was elected on the basis of the new Constitution framed by the Constituent Assembly

Rejection of the demand for a full-fledged Pakistan

The two Rash Behari In Indian national movement

Rash Behari Bose-

He was a revolutionary leader against the British Raj in India and was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and later, the Indian National Army.He made failed assassination attempt on Lord Hardinge .

Rash Behari Ghosh-

He was an Indian politician, lawyer, social worker and philanthropist.

He served as the President of the Congress for two terms (Surat, 1907 and Madras, 1908)

The Eka meetings were marked by a religious ritual in which a hole that represented the river Ganges was dug in the ground and filled with water, a priest was brought in to preside and the assembled peasants ‘owed that they would pay only the recorded rent but pay it on time, would not leave when ejected, would refuse to do forced labour, would give no help to criminals and abide by the panchayat’s decisions.

However, unlike the earlier Kisan Sabha movement that was based almost solely on tenants, the Eka Movement included in its ranks many small zamindars who found themselves disenchanted with the Government because of its heavy land revenue demand. By March 1922, however, severe repression on the part of the authorities succeeded in bringing the Eka Movement to its end.

Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect

Outcome of Gandhi Irwin pact were as follows:

1) Gandhi agreed to discontinue the Civil Disobedience movement, on behalf of the Indian National Congress.

2) Congress agreed to join the second Round Table Conference to chalk out the constitutional reforms if:

The British Government released all political prisoners, except those guilty of violence.

The British Government agreed to permit some people living at the sea cost to collect duty free salt.

The British Government agreed to let the people picket peacefully, the shops that sold liquor

Only statement 2 is incorrect.

Elections were held in 11 provinces, The Indian National Congress emerged victorious in eight of the provinces – the three exceptions being Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh.

The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province

Only statement a is correct.

Working class movement got great impetus from the rise of communist block within and outside congress.

Workers and Peasants Parties (WPP) was formed in 1927 while All India trade union congress (AITUC) was formed in 1920.

Lala Lajpat Rai was first president of All India trade union congress (AITUC).

AITUC was formed to not only organise workers, make them class conscious but to participate in National movement for attainment of Swaraj.

Only statement 3 is incorrect.

Ahmedabad Mill strike-In March 1918, under the leadership of Gandhi, there was a strike in the cotton mills for hike in Plague bonus. In this strike Gandhi used the weapon of Hunger strike. The result was that the strike was successful and the workers got 35% wage increase.

Rowlatt Satyagraha- founded Satyagraha Sabhas whose members would disobey the act and get themselves arrested.

Champaran Satyagraha-fought for the rights of peasants growing the Indigo under the tinakathia system.

Under the tinakathia system the peasants were bound to plant 3 out of 20 parts of his land with indigo for his landlord.

Realising Gandhi’s strength and devotion to the cause, the British government made Gandhi a member of an enquiry committee constituted to look into the excesses committed by landlords and planters