Daily Quiz: UPSC Prelims Marathon – October 4, 2018

Statement 1 is incorrect. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are portions of any drug, which are active. All drugs are made up of two core components: the API, which is the central ingredient, and the excipient, the substance inside the drug that helps deliver the medication to your system. Excipients are chemically inactive substances, such as mineral oil. For instance, if you have a headache, acetaminophen is the active ingredient, while the liquid in the capsule or the bulk of a pill is the excipient.

Statement 2 is correct. Certain drugs are comprised of more than one kind of API.

The sting of an ant contains formic acid. When an ant bites, it injects the acidic liquid into the skin. Theeffect of the sting can be neutralized by rubbing moist baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) or calamine solution, which contains zinc carbonate as they are basic in nature.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Most uniform heating is provided by Microwave Oven.

Statement 2 is correct. In an induction stove cooking occurs due to heat energy produced by the resistance provided by vessel to the eddy currents generated in the vessel.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Copper vessel is not used because it is not ferromagnetic & hence no eddy current is produced due to induction. It being a good conductor has no role to play.

Statement 1 is incorrect. LCD stands for “liquid crystal display” and technically, both LED and LCD TVs are liquid crystal displays. The basic technology is the same in that both television types have two layers of polarized glass through which the liquid crystals both block and pass light. So really, LED TVs are a subset of LCD TVs.

LED, which stands for “light emitting diodes,” differs from general LCD TVs in that LCDs use fluorescent lights while LEDs use those light emitting diodes.The placementof the lights on an LED TV can differ. The fluorescent lights in an LCD TV are always behind the screen. On an LED TV, the light emitting diodes can be placed either behind the screen or around its edges.

The difference in lights and in lighting placement has generally meant that LED TVs can be thinner than LCDs, although this is starting to change. It has also meant that LED TVs run with greater energy efficiency and can provide a clearer, better picture than the general LCD TVs. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Statement (a) is incorrect.

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or MERS‐CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.

Since 2012, 27 countries have reported cases of MERS including Algeria, Austria, Bahrain, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Islamic Republic of Iran, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, and Yemen.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is spread through human-to-human transmission. However, current scientific evidence suggests that dromedary camels are a major reservoir host for MERS-CoV and an animal source of MERS infection in humans.

Scientists from The Broad Institute and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in US have developed RNA Editing for Programmable A to I Replacement (REPAIR), a new gene editing tool therapies that can reverse disease-causing mutations in humans.

REPAIR gene editing tool can tweak an individual RNA ‘letters’ in human cells without making changes to entire genome  and can have profound potential as a tool for both research and disease treatment.

REPAIR is based on gene editing tool CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) that can be used to modify DNA in cells.

Macronutrients constitute Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sulfur (S), Magnesium (Mg).

Micronutrient: Boron, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum and Zinc.