Source: The post is based on the article “Legislative decline – Denial of legislative debate furthers democratic backsliding in India” published in “The Hindu” on 19th December 2023.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – Indian Polity – Parliament and State Legislatures—Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers & Privileges and Issues Arising out of these.
News: Recently, there was a security breach in the Parliament by some individuals who highlighted unemployment concerns in India.
However, the government prevented debate on unemployment and suspended a large number of Opposition MPs who demanded discussion and a statement. This behaviour of the government goes against the functioning of a democracy.
What are some of the essential characteristics of a democracy?
Deliberation: The essential characteristic of a well-functioning democracy is deliberation which involves elected legislators debating issues, utilizing committees, and thoroughly discussing bills before consideration.
Popular Sovereignty: The people are the ultimate source of authority in a democracy. This means that the government is accountable to the people and must act in their best interests.
Free and Fair Elections: Democracies hold regular elections that are free and fair. This means that all citizens have the right to vote and to stand for office.
Separation of Powers: In a democracy, the government is typically divided into three branches: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. This separation of powers helps to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
What have been the recent concerns associated with India’s democracy?
Deficiency in Parliamentary Sessions: Recent parliamentary sessions have witnessed attempts to pressure the Opposition, pass Bills without sufficient discussion, restrict amendments, and underutilize committees.
Downgrading of India’s Democratic Status: The lack of proper parliamentary sessions has led to the characterization of India’s democracy as an “electoral autocracy” by V-Dem Institute.
Similarly, the misuse of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act to target dissenters, equating dissent with terrorism, has further led to India being labeled as “partially free”.
Concerns with Judicial independence: Increasing political pressure on the judiciary has raised concerns about its capacity to act as a check on executive power.
Erosion of Media Freedom: Government pressure on media outlets and journalists has limited their ability to report critically and independently.
Politicization of Institutions: Appointment of individuals based on political loyalty rather than merit has weakened the neutrality of various democratic institutions.
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What can be the way ahead?
It is crucial for the government to address these issues, along with ensuring the effective functioning of parliamentary sessions, upholding the separation of powers, and ensuring the proper functioning of each pillar of democracy.
Question for practice: What are some of the characteristics of a democracy? In the context of India, examine the challenges associated with these characteristics.
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