Finding Seoul in the Indo-Pacific

Source– The post is based on the article “Finding Seoul in the Indo-Pacific” published in “The Hindu” on 8th September 2023.

Syllabus: GS2- Bilateral groupings and agreements

Relevance- India and South Korea bilateral relationship

News– The historic Camp David summit in August this year among the leaders of the United States, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK) marks the new beginning of the strategic partnership among the three traditional allies.

What is the significance of Camp David summit?

This meeting signifies a crucial step in repairing relations between Seoul and Tokyo. It reflects a mutual recognition of the changing regional security dynamics by these three countries.

This development, in conjunction with other alliances like AUKUS, the Quad, and the CHIP 4 Alliance could lead to a strengthened U.S.-led alliance structure in East Asia. This structure reflects the multipolar nature of the contemporary international system.

The summit has the potential to redirect South Korea’s strategic approach in the Indo-Pacific region. This includes improved relations with Tokyo, alignment with the American perspective on China, and increased engagement in the Indo-Pacific.

This shift in strategy indicates a departure from Seoul’s traditional stance of avoiding any actions that might upset China.

Previous South Korean governments were hesitant to openly acknowledge the challenges posed by China.

There is a strong desire within South Korea to join the Quad grouping. South Korea has expressed interest in joining the Quad for some time. But, there were concerns about Tokyo supporting its bid due to historical grievances.

The Camp David summit may have altered this dynamic. It is possible that South Korea may seek membership in a Quad Plus configuration in the coming year.

There is a renewed enthusiasm for foreign policy in Seoul today. President Yoon Suk Yeol has declared that the primary goal of his foreign policy is to establish South Korea as a “global pivotal state.”

South Korea’s engagement with the U.S. and Japan, support for Ukraine, recognition of the China challenge, and a desire to play a more significant role in the Indo-Pacific all reflect this new vision.

Why is South Korea a natural partner for India in the Indo-Pacific?

Firstly, South Korea’s location in the Indo-Pacific, its proximity to China, and its status as a U.S. ally align well with India’s strategic interests.

Secondly, both countries share concerns about the rise of China and its attempts to unilaterally reshape the Asian security landscape

Thirdly, South Korea can serve as an important regional partner for India, as India’s alignment with the U.S. reaches unprecedented levels, and concerns about China’s intentions and power grow.

What should be the focus areas to enhance their relationship?

At the political and diplomatic levels, they should explore the possibility of organising an annual summit involving their Foreign Ministers and establish a 2+2 format dialogue.

Additionally, reciprocal visits by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Yoon Suk Yeol to each other’s countries could further strengthen ties.

They might even consider negotiating a joint initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET). It can involve South Korea, Japan, India, and the U.S.

In the realm of defense, there is potential to enhance their partnership. South Korea’s capacity to meet India’s defense requirements within the framework of India’s ‘Make in India’ program should be leveraged.

For instance, the K9 Vajra, a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer produced by L&T with technology from South Korea’s Hanwha Defense, exemplifies this cooperation.

Another avenue for collaboration is in the nuclear field. India has encountered challenges in importing nuclear reactors due to concerns related to its nuclear liability law.

South Korea has a successful track record in providing cost-effective and expedited nuclear reactors to countries like the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia. India could contemplate purchasing South Korean-built reactors to expand its reliance on nuclear energy.