India and Maldives ties: Despite China, bound by history and geography

Source: The post is based on the article “India and Maldives ties: Despite China, bound by history and geography” published in “Indian express” on 14th October 2023.

Syllabus: GS2- International relation- India and its neighbourhood- relations.

News: The article discusses the deep-rooted relationship between India and Maldives, highlighting the historical, economic, and strategic connections. It mentions challenges faced by Maldives like religious extremism and governance issues and emphasizes India’s consistent support.

How are the geographical and social aspects of Maldives characterized?

Geography:

Maldives consists of over 1,200 islands.

It covers 90,000 sq km, of which 99.6% is the sea.

India, its closest neighbour, is 70 nautical miles away.

Social Aspects:

Maldives boasts a high literacy rate of 98%.

The constitution permits only Sunni Muslims to be citizens.

The nation faces challenges like growing religious extremism, drug abuse, and patronage traditions.

There’s a concern about the increasing trend of religious extremism.

What is the significance of India and Maldives’ relationship?

Significance for India

Maritime Security: Maldives provides a strategic position against threats like piracy and terrorism on the high seas.

Economic Interaction: India has been a steadfast economic partner to Maldives. The State Bank of India has been pivotal in developing Maldives’ tourist economy and is the largest bank there.

Defensive Partnerships: Through defense cooperation, such as joint exercises like Ekuverin and Ekatha, India fortifies its regional stability and power.

Humanitarian Role: By being the first responder in crises, India fortifies a positive and protective image in the region.

Significance for Maldives

Resource Provider: India supplies Maldives with essential items, including food staples and construction materials, stabilizing the island nation’s resources.

Socioeconomic Support: Indian professionals, especially teachers and doctors, have a pivotal role in Maldivian society, contributing to education and health.

Security and Safety: India has proven to be a reliable ally in crises, such as coups and natural disasters, ensuring Maldives’ national security.

Economic Development: India invests in key infrastructural projects like the greater Male connectivity, promoting Maldives’ socio-economic growth and stability.

What might the future hold for India-Maldives relations?

New Leadership: Mohamed Muizzu, with a background in Western education, is the president designate.

Past Leadership’s Influence: Former President Yameen, noted for pro-China policies, is under house arrest, but his policies’ effects linger.

Political Dynamics: While elections bring promises, real-world governance could influence Muizzu away from drastic alterations in India-Maldives relations.

Historical Lessons: Past costly mistakes, like the $270 million payout in the 2012 “GMR out” campaign, underscore the importance of stable relations with India.