India’s Concern Over Human Metapneumovirus Outbreak

Source: The post India’s Concern Over Human Metapneumovirus Outbreak has been created, based on the article “Dealing with HMPV Govt must educate the public” published in “Indian Express” on 7th January 2025

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3-Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.

Context: The article discusses the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) outbreak, its mild risks compared to Covid-19, and India’s vulnerability due to proximity to China. It emphasizes preventive measures, public health messaging, and the importance of avoiding panic through clear communication. India’s Concern Over Human Metapneumovirus Outbreak

What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

HMPV is a respiratory virus identified in the early 2000s. It commonly infects babies, infants, the elderly, and immuno-compromised people. The virus spreads through direct contact, contaminated surfaces, coughing, sneezing, or shaking hands. It is not considered fatal and typically occurs in winter and early spring.

For detailed information on Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) read this article here

Why is there concern in India?

1. Local Cases Without Travel History: Two HMPV cases were reported in Bengaluru – a three-month-old baby (discharged) and an eight-month-old (recovering), raising concerns about local transmission as neither had a travel history.

2. Proximity to China: India’s close borders with China, where the outbreak originated, increase vulnerability due to possible virus transmission.
3. People-to-People and Economic Links: Extensive connections with Southeast Asia, seen in the spread of swine flu, avian flu, and Covid-19, amplify risks.
4. Mass Gatherings: Events like weddings and the Kumbh Mela (with over 400 million pilgrims) pose significant risks of widespread transmission.
5. Health Infrastructure Limitations: India’s healthcare system has limited capacity to handle rapid outbreaks.
6. Spread of Rumors: Uninformed rumors can exaggerate fears and create unnecessary panic.

How can the government prevent an outbreak?

1. Health authorities must issue clear advisories about HMPV prevention and treatment.

2. Communication campaigns in local languages should provide accurate information.
3. Tools like Doordarshan (650 million viewers) and mobile phones (78% penetration) can effectively reach the population.
4. Resuming Covid-19 protocols, such as masking and sanitizing, is recommended in crowded areas like markets, malls, and stations.
5. Proactive communication and preventive actions are crucial to managing HMPV’s impact and avoiding unnecessary panic.

Question for practice:

Discuss the reasons for India’s concern about the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) outbreak and the measures the government can take to prevent its spread.