India’s progress in fighting tuberculosis

Source: The post India’s progress in fighting tuberculosis has been created, based on the article “WHO reports shows India has plugged gaps in TB care. Funding deficits could delay eradication” published in “Indian Express” on 5th November 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS paper 2-Governance- Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health

Context: The article highlights India’s progress in fighting tuberculosis, including improved detection, treatment, and reduced incidence rates. However, challenges like under-nutrition, insufficient funds, and high costs for families remain. Expanded health insurance could help eradicate TB by 2025.

For detailed information on TB in India: A fight to the end read this article here

What is India’s progress in tuberculosis control?

1. India has significantly improved tuberculosis (TB) detection and treatment, with 25.1 lakh out of 27 lakh estimated cases receiving treatment in 2023.
2. Over 85% of suspected TB cases were under medical care, essential as undiagnosed cases can be fatal.
3. Multi-drug-resistant TB has been addressed with shorter treatment periods, showing positive results.
4. TB cases declined by 18% in eight years, more than double the global rate of 8%.

What are the challenges to TB eradication in India?

1. India faces several obstacles to eliminate TB, including limited awareness, under-resourced medical facilities, and high rates of under-nutrition.
2. Under-nutrition: Poor diet is a major issue, contributing to 35-45% of new cases. It also increases mortality risk among TB patients.
3. Insufficient Nutritional Support: Though support coverage has improved, the amount remains low and leaves out 20% of TB patients.
4. High Financial Costs: WHO reports that 20% of families face catastrophic TB-related expenses, especially affecting those with severe cases.

What role can government funding and health insurance play?

1. India’s funding for TB eradication has dropped from $432.6 million in 2019 to $302.8 million in 2023.
2. Experts suggest that expanding the government’s health insurance program to cover TB patients, particularly those with severe infections, could help achieve TB eradication.
3. This approach could significantly ease the financial burden on families and strengthen the TB control program.

Question for practice:

Evaluate the impact of government funding and health insurance expansion on India’s tuberculosis eradication efforts.