On politicization of bureaucracy – Crossing a line

Source: This post on politicization of bureaucracy has been created based on the article “Crossing a line” published in The Hindu on 25th October 2023. 

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 Governance — Role of civil services in a democracy. 

News: This article discusses the recent government decision to showcase its achievements across the country by deploying government officials, which has raised concerns around it 

What is politicization of bureaucracy?

It refers to the dilution of the principle of non-partisanship and implies a politically committed bureaucracy.  

The bureaucracy loses its public-orientation and becomes subservient to one political party/ideology. 

What is the recent incident regarding politicization?

The Central government has requested all ministries to assign officials to present its accomplishments nationwide, reaching even the rural areas, under an initiative called the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra. 

The outreach is about the achievements of the last 9 years under the present ruling party.  

Joint Secretaries, Directors, and Deputy Secretaries will be appointed Rath Prabharis (chariots in-charge) for the roadshow.  

The government has been criticized by opposition parties for politicizing the bureaucracy and the military. 

What can be the possible effects of politicization of bureaucracy?

1) Separation of power: Goes against the spirit of Indian Constitution’s separation of power among the three arms of the state — the executive, the judiciary and the legislature.  

2) Non-partisanship of bureaucracy: It also goes against the line of separation between the bureaucracy and the military from the political executive. These directives compel civil and military officials to assume partisan positions.  

3) Undermines Impartiality of Elections: It can undermine the election process in India, which has largely retained its credibility because of bureaucratic impartiality.  

4) Irreversible damage to institutions: Disregarding norms in pursuit of electoral gains leading to undermining of institutions may lead to irreversible damage.  

What should be done to avoid politicization of bureaucracy?

1) Merit-based appointments and promotions in bureaucracy. 

2) Transparent transfer policies.  

3) Legal and institutional measures to strengthen the autonomy and independence of the bureaucracy. For instance, Whistleblower protection. 

4) Code of Conduct: Adherence to Code of Conduct by civil servants. 

5) Moral education: Strengthening ethics and values through training. 

6) Code of Ethics: Enforcing a Code of Ethics for both the civil servants and the political executive. 

7) Strengthening civil society: Civil society organizations can play a crucial role in holding bureaucrats and politicians accountable. 

Question for practice: 

In recent years, there have been rising concerns about the “politicization of bureaucracy” in India. What do you understand by the term? What are its consequences for India’s democracy?