Q. Passage-2
The history of renewable energy suggests there is a steep learning curve, meaning that, as more is produced, costs fall rapidly because of economies of scale and learning by doing. The firms’ green innovation is path-dependent: the more a firm does, the more it is likely to do in the future. The strongest evidence for this is the collapse in the price of solar energy, which became about 90% cheaper during the 2010s, repeatedly beating forecasts. Moving early and gradually gives economies more time to adjust, allowing them to reap the benefits of path-dependent green investment without much disruption. A late, more chaotic transition is costlier.
Q.3) Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage?
Exp) Option d is the correct answer
Option a is incorrect: This is partially true, but not the central idea. While the passage mentions economies of scale, it does so in the context of the broader idea of the learning curve and early adoption. Focusing only on economies of scale narrows the message too much. Hence option (a) is incorrect.
Option b is incorrect: This is factually correct based on the passage, but again, it is not the main point. Path-dependence is discussed, but as part of a broader argument about timing and investment strategy, not as the central message on its own. Hence option (b) is incorrect.
Option c is incorrect: This is incorrect. The passage does not mention anything about large economies being better positioned. It talks about moving early and gradual adjustment, which could apply to any economy. Hence option (c) is incorrect.
Option d is correct: This is the correct answer. The author emphasizes that early and gradual movement allows for adjustment and reduces disruption, while late transition is costlier. Hence, timing is portrayed as crucial, making this the best reflection of the central idea. Hence option (d) is correct.
Therefore Option (d) is the correct answer.
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