Which of the following are envisaged by the right to equality in the Constitution of India? 1. Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws 2. Protection of life and personal liberty 3. Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment 4. Abolition of Untouchability Select the correct answer using the code given below: |ForumIAS

[A] 1, 3 and 4 only

[B] 2, 3 and 4 only

[C] 1 and 4 only

[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: A

Notes:

Explanation:

The Right to Equality is enshrined in Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution. The provisions are:
- Equality before Law and Equal Protection of Laws (Article 14) – Ensures that every individual is treated equally by the law and provides for equal legal protection.
- Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 15) – Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. However, the state can make special provisions for women, children, and socially and educationally backward classes.
  Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment (Article 16) – Guarantees equal opportunities in government employment without discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, or residence, while allowing for reservations for underprivileged sections.
  Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17) – Prohibits untouchability in any form and declares its practice a punishable offense.
- Abolition of Titles (Article 18) – Prohibits the state from conferring titles (except military or academic distinctions) and forbids Indian citizens from accepting titles from foreign states.
Protection of Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21) – This falls under the Right to Freedom, not the Right to Equality.

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