Explanation: Gross National Happiness: Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom and an economic non-entity, developed a new concept of assessing development in the early 1970s—the Gross National Happiness (GNH).

Without rejecting the idea of human development propounded by UNDP, the kingdom has been officially following the targets set by the GNH.

Bhutan has been following the GNH since 1972 which has the following parameters to attain happiness/development:

• Higher real per capita income
• Good governance
• Environmental protection
• Cultural promotion (i.e., inculcation of ethical and spiritual values in life without which, it says, progress may become a curse rather than a blessing)

Source: Ramesh Singh