• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety:CBD covers the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology through its “Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety”. It addresses technology development and transfer, benefit-sharing and biosafety issues.
• The biosafety protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by “Living Modified Organisms (LMOs)” resulting from modern biotechnology.
• There are two main sets of procedures under the Protocol, one for LMOs intended for direct introduction into the environment, known as “Advance Informed Agreement (AIA)” procedure and another for LMOs intended for direct use as food or feed, or for processing (LMOs-FFP).
• AIA:Under AIA procedure, a country intending to export LMO for intentional release into the environment must notify in writing the Party of import before the first processed export takes place.
• LMOs-FFP:Under the procedure for LMOs-FFP, Parties that decide to approve and place such LMOs on the market are required to make their decision and relevant information, including risk assessment reports, publicly available through the Biosafety Clearing House (BCH).
• Nagoya Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress: It reinforces the Cartagena Protocol.
• The Supplementary Protocol specifies response measures which must be taken in the case of damage to biodiversity resulting from Living Modified Organisms.

Source: ForumIAS