Q. Which of the following was the most significant diplomatic achievement of Balaji Vishwanath Bhatt (Peshwa, 1713–1720 CE)?

[A] The successful conquest and annexation of the entire Konkan coast, ending the power of the Siddi of Janjira.

[B] The negotiation of the Treaty of Sangola (1750 CE), which made the Peshwa the de facto head of the Maratha Confederacy.

[C] The securing of the Mughal Farman of 1719 CE, recognizing the Maratha right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi across the entire six subas of the Deccan.

[D] The establishment of the Gaikwad power in Gujarat after defeating the Mughal governor of the province.

Answer: C
Notes:

Explanation:

  • (c) Correct. Balaji Vishwanath journeyed to Delhi and, through a deal with the Sayyid Brothers, secured the Farman (Royal Edict) of 1719 CE from the weak Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar. This Farman was a revolutionary diplomatic coup, as it gave legal sanction (though disputed by the Emperor himself) to the Maratha claim over the Deccan, marking the official beginning of Maratha expansion. This Farman is often called the Magna Carta of the Marathas.
  • (b) Incorrect. The Treaty of Sangola was signed under Balaji Baji Rao (Nana Sahib I).
  • (a) and (d) Incorrect. These were achievements of the subsequent Peshwas, mainly Baji Rao I.
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