Which one of the following is the primary difference between a hard landing and a normal landing in an airplane? |ForumIAS

Q. Which one of the following is the primary difference between a hard landing and a normal landing in an airplane?

[A] The altitude at which the landing gear touches the runway

[B] The angle at which the airplane touches the runway

[C] The vertical speed of the airplane upon touchdown

[D] The amount of thrust used during the landing phase

Answer: C

Notes:

Explanation – The primary difference between a hard landing and a normal landing in an airplane is the vertical speed of the airplane upon touchdown.

A hard landing occurs when the airplane’s vertical speed upon touchdown is higher than normal, resulting in a greater impact force on the landing gear and airframe. This can be caused by several factors, including incorrect flare timing, insufficient flare, or gusty winds. The severity of landings is quantified using “touch down g,” which refers to the gravitational force exerted on the aircraft’s tires at landing. Generally, a landing with a “touch down g” exceeding 1.8 is classified as hard, indicating the force was 1.8 times the aircraft’s weight. Recently, the Japan airlines experienced hard landing.

Source: Forum IAS

Post-Mains Strategy Session by Mr. Ayush Sinha | ForumIAS