Q. With reference to the administration of justice under Shivaji, consider the following statements:
1.Appeals in civil and criminal cases were heard by the Nyayadhish, guided by the smritis.
2.The system of justice under Shivaji was well-developed, with regular courts and codified procedures.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Quarterly-SFG-Jan-to-March
Red Book

[A] 1 only

[B] 2 only

[C] Both 1 and 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: A
Notes:

Explanation:

  • The Nyayadhish (chief justice) handled appeals in civil and criminal cases, and decisions were made in accordance with the smritis (ancient legal texts).
  • Shivaji’s judicial system was rudimentary, lacking regular courts or systematic procedures. Justice at the village level was delivered by panchayats, and ordeals were a common practice.

Source: NCERT and History Of Medieval India  – NCERT (Satish Chandra)

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