Q. With reference to the Harappan Civilization, consider the following statements:
1.The Early Harappan phase witnessed the use of burnt brick structures and flourishing foreign trade.
2.The Mature Harappan phase was characterised by the emergence of planned towns and diverse crafts.
3.The Late Harappan phase saw the gradual disappearance of trade and abandonment of cities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: A
Notes:
Explanation:
- The Early Harappan Phase (3500–2600 BCE) was marked by:
- Mud structures, elementary trade, and early forms of crafts.
- There was no widespread use of burnt bricks or established foreign trade at this stage.
- These features belong to the Mature Harappan phase, not Early Harappan.
- The Mature Harappan Phase (2600–1900 BCE) featured:
- Well-planned urban settlements with burnt brick buildings, grid patterns, drainage systems.
- Inland and foreign trade routes were active.
- Craft specialization including bead-making, pottery, metallurgy, etc.
- The Late Harappan Phase (1900–1400 BCE) is considered a phase of decline:
- Many urban centers were abandoned.
- Trade networks collapsed.
Overall urban characteristics faded, reverting to rural or semi-nomadic patterns in many places.
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