Reasons and solutions for floods in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India

Source: The post reasons and solutions for floods in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India has been created, based on the article “India’s response to urban floods needs an indepth study of causes” published in “Live mints” on 11th July 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3-Disaster and disaster management.

Context: The article discusses the recurring issue of flash floods in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. It traces the problem back to historical flood patterns and modern urban development, suggesting long-term solutions to manage and mitigate flooding, rather than completely preventing it.

For detailed information on Urban Flooding in India read this article here

What are the reasons for floods in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India?

1. Historical Patterns: Traditionally, the Indo-Gangetic floodplain, where the NCR is located, experienced quick floods that receded fast, enhancing soil fertility.
2. Developmental Changes: Early public works during British rule, like building canals and railways with embankments, disrupted natural drainage patterns.
3. Urbanization: Rapid city expansion has led to increased waterlogging, exacerbated by blocked drainage and inadequate infrastructure.
4. Geographical Features: The NCR’s location on a flat floodplain far from the sea limits natural water drainage options.
5. Climate Factors: Excessive rainfall quickly saturates the ground and phreatic water table, leading to overflow since the extra water cannot be absorbed or drained away efficiently.

What are the Long-Term Solutions for It?

1. Upstream Reservoirs: Building reservoirs in the hills to regulate river flow and mitigate downstream flooding.
2. Enhancing Water Storage: Increasing the area and capacity of ponds, wells, lakes, and other water-harvesting structures to hold excess water during the monsoon.
3. Reducing Impervious Surfaces: Minimizing concrete and asphalt cover in urban areas to enhance the natural recharge of sub-surface water.
4. Improving Drainage Systems: Clearing and maintaining natural drainage paths and designing urban infrastructure to prevent water accumulation in low-lying areas.
5. Regular Maintenance: Ensuring that drainage systems are free of obstructions to maintain efficient water flow.

Question for practice:

Discuss the factors contributing to recurring flash floods in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India and propose long-term solutions to manage and mitigate this issue.