Risks associated with Zika virus

Source: The post risks associated with Zika virus has been created, based on the article “More and better: States must develop capacity to conduct testing and sequencing of viruses” published in “The Hindu” on 13th August 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – Governance – Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health.

Context: The article discusses the rise in Zika virus cases in Maharashtra, particularly in Pune. It highlights the risks for pregnant women, including microcephaly in babies. It criticizes delays in testing and emphasizes the need for quick, decentralized virus testing and sequencing.

For detailed information on Zika virus read this article here

What is the current situation of Zika virus in India?

1. Since June 20, Maharashtra has seen 88 confirmed cases of Zika virus, with Pune city being the epicenter, accounting for 73 of these cases.
2. Pregnant women are significantly affected, making up half of the confirmed cases. They face risks such as giving birth to babies with microcephaly and other neurological issues.

What are the risks associated with Zika virus?

1. Microcephaly in Babies: Pregnant women with Zika virus face a 6.6% risk of giving birth to babies with microcephaly, a condition where the baby has a smaller than average head size.
2. Neurological Abnormalities: Babies born to infected mothers have an 18.7% chance of developing functional neurological issues.
3. Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight: There is a 10.5% risk of premature birth and a 16.2% risk of low birth weight or being small for gestational age.
4. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Zika can lead to this neurological disorder, where the immune system attacks nerves.
5. Sexual Transmission: Infected men can transmit the virus sexually for up to three months.

What are the Challenges with Testing?

1. Delayed Testing Response: Testing for the Zika virus was ramped up only after media coverage highlighted delays, showing a reactive approach rather than a proactive one.
2. Impact of Delayed Testing: When testing is delayed, as seen in the Zika virus situation in Pune, it hampers the ability to quickly respond to outbreaks. Kerala’s quick action during the Nipah virus outbreak shows how important it is to test early, while Gujarat’s challenges with the Chandipura virus show the risks of delays.
3. Need for Decentralization: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the benefits of decentralized testing. Similar strategies should be adopted for all deadly pathogens to ensure timely public health responses.
4. Importance of Lead Time Reduction: Reducing the lead time for test results is crucial in controlling virus spread.

Question for practice:

Discuss the risks associated with the Zika virus, particularly for pregnant women, as highlighted in the article.