Seaweed in cattle feed reduces methane emissions

Source: The post Seaweed in cattle feed reduces methane emissions has been created, based on the article “Seaweed cure in sight for bovines’ methane burps” published in “Live Mint” on 28th November 2024

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper3- Environment

Context: The article discusses using red seaweed in cattle feed to reduce methane emissions from bovine burps. Methane is a major greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. Research is ongoing to ensure safety, effectiveness, and feasibility for Indian livestock.

For detailed information on Decarbonization of Agriculture Sector read this article here

How significant is India’s cattle population?

1. India has 303 million cattle, the largest globally, accounting for 19.5% of the world’s cattle population.
2. It has 112 million buffalos, 54.6% of the global buffalo population.
3. Livestock contributes a third of methane emissions globally, with a single cow emitting 99 kg of methane annually.
4. Methane from livestock is a significant greenhouse gas, accelerating climate change.
5. Addressing emissions from India’s cattle is critical for global climate goals.

Why is seaweed considered for cattle feed?

1. Seaweed has been used as livestock feed for thousands of years. It is nutritionally rich, offering minerals, carbohydrates with prebiotic properties, and fatty acids.
2. Norway began commercial production of seaweed meal from kelp in the 1960s, highlighting its value.
3. Agencies like Kochi University, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, and Gujarat Life Sciences are studying the effects of seaweed on methane emissions.
4. The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is exploring algal formulations for methane reduction.

What challenges exist in implementing this solution?

1. Safety Concerns: Adding more than 5% seaweed to feed can make animals sick. Research is ongoing to find the right quantity.
2. Variability: Different cattle breeds may respond differently to seaweed feed. Indian cattle, often free-range, may have different outcomes compared to cattle in ranches.
3. Economics: Large-scale implementation must be cost-effective, especially since most Indian livestock is not confined like in Western countries.

Why is this approach important for the future?

1. By 2050, demand for animal products is expected to grow by 60-70%.
2. Livestock farming faces challenges like land degradation, feed shortages, and climate change.
3. Expanding feed options with sustainable solutions like seaweed can meet these challenges while reducing emissions.
4. Using seaweed in livestock feed aligns with global efforts to fight climate change. It also supports eco-friendly farming practices, meeting consumer demand for sustainable products.

Question for practice:

Examine how the use of seaweed in cattle feed can contribute to reducing methane emissions and address challenges in India’s livestock sector.