UPSC Mains Optional Geography Paper 1 (2012)
Red Book
Red Book

Section A

1. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each:

a) Palaeozoic glacial evidence for Continental Drift.

b) Systems approach to landform analysis.

c) Compare and contrast tropical cyclone and temperature cyclone.

d) Major components of IGBP.

e) Different layers of ocean water

2. 400 words each:

a) Explain how Bosche and Haldenhang lead to the Theory of Slope Replacement.

b) Classify airmasses and explain how ‘cP’ airmass affects global climate.

3. 250 words each:

a) Discuss how different types of mining lead to different types of environmental problems.

b) Adaptation and distribution of animals in the Ethiopian realm.

c) Impact of Cryopsphare on global climate.

4. 250 words each:

a) Characteristics of the standard epigene cycle of erosion.

b) Programmes initiated by the International Council of Science on Earth System studies.

c) “Atolls present the most challenging explaination in the evolution of coral reefs”, Discuss.

SECTION – B

5. Write short note on the following in about 150 words each:

a) Relevance of distance decay principle in Indian cities.

b) Impact of migration on urban demography.

c) Similarities in the population distribution of southern continents and reasons for the same.

d) Status of infant morality rate in the world.

e) Problem faced by industries which developed due to inertia.

6. 400 words each:

a) Evaluate the various models on population density distribution in urban centres.

b) “Though 70% of Indian population is rural, urban planning is crucial to the development of India.” Discuss.

7. 250 words each:

a) Salient features of watershed planning and its advantages and disadvantages.

b) Impact of changing fertility ratio on world population

c) “Colonial forces resulted in the primate pattern of urban process in most Southern Asian countries.” Discuss.

8. 250 words each:

a) Regional shifts in the world urbanization after 1950 and the varied characteristics of urban process.

b) Impact of failure of Monsoon on Gujarat Agro-climate zone.

c) Locational significance of Rotterdam in European economy.

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