Vaikom Struggle

Source: The post the Vaikom Struggle has been created, based on the article “Vaikom — two States, two leaders and a tale of reform” published in “The Hindu” on 12^th December 2024.

UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 1- Indian History

Context: The article delves into the socio-political and historical significance of the Vaikom Struggle, which marks its centenary in 2024.

What was the Vaikom Struggle, and why was it significant?

1. The Vaikom Struggle was a socio-political movement in the 1920s against the prohibition of backward caste Hindus from walking on streets near the Vaikom Mahadeva temple in Travancore princely state.
2. It marked a landmark moment for religious reform and social justice in India, setting the stage for future mass movements advocating equality.

How did the struggle evolve into a mass movement?

1. Initially led by leaders of the Kerala State Congress Committee and social activists, the movement gained momentum when Periyar E.V. Ramasamy joined in 1924.
2. His involvement galvanized people across classes, ultimately leading to the removal of these restrictions in November 1925.

What were the wider consequences of the Vaikom Struggle?

1. The movement inspired similar efforts nationwide, such as B.R. Ambedkar’s temple entry protests at Ambadevi Temple and Kalaram Mandir.
2. In South India, legislative actions like the 1932 Bill for temple entry, Travancore Temple Entry Proclamation (1936), and the Madras Temple Entry Authorization Act (1947) progressively dismantled caste-based restrictions in temples.

How did these reforms pave the way for modern legislation?

These movements and legislative acts created a precedent for incorporating religious reforms into the Constitution. B.R. Ambedkar’s addition of the phrase “subject to public order, morality, and health” in Article 25 enabled the state to intervene in religious practices to ensure equality.

Can the state regulate religion without compromising secularism?

1. Yes, state regulation of religion is aimed at ensuring equality and access in public spaces like temples.
2. Laws such as the Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959, and judicial rulings (e.g., Shirur Mutt case, 1954) have upheld the state’s role in managing secular aspects of temples while respecting essential religious practices.

How is the centenary of the Vaikom Struggle being commemorated?

1. On December 12, 2024, Tamil Nadu and Kerala governments are jointly celebrating the centenary to honor the movement’s legacy.
2. This event highlights the collaboration between two states and commemorates the contributions of leaders like Periyar and B.R. Ambedkar in advancing social reform.

What is the enduring significance of the Vaikom Struggle?

1. The struggle symbolizes the fight for social justice and equality, reaffirming the reformist trajectory in South India.
2. It serves as a reminder of the collective efforts required to challenge caste-based oppression and bring about meaningful change.