Volcanic Vortex Rings

Source-This post on Volcanic Vortex Rings is based on the article “A Sicilian volcano is blowing smoke rings in the sky. What are volcanic vortex rings?” published in “Indian Express” on 12th April 2024.

Why in the News?

Mount Etna has been producing a volcanic vortex ring which has captivated scientists.

About volcanic vortex ring

1. Vortex rings are generated when gas which is predominantly water vapour, is released rapidly through a vent in the crater.

2. They are made from a mix of smoke, steam and other gases released from volcanic vents at high speeds.

3. The rings can remain in the air for up to 10 minutes but tend to disintegrate quickly if conditions are windy and turbulent.

3. This phenomenon was first observed at Etna and Vesuvius in Italy in 1724.

5. In more recent times, volcanic vortex rings have been observed at volcanoes such as Redoubt in Alaska, Tungurahua in Ecuador, Pacaya in Guatemala, Eyjafjallajökull and Hekla in Iceland, Stromboli in Italy, Aso and Sakurajima in Japan, Yasur in Vanuatu, Whakaari in New Zealand, and Momotombo in Nicaragua.

About Mount Etna

1. Mount Etna is an active volcano on the east coast of Sicily. It is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

2. Etna’s peak is the highest in Italy south of the Alps, and is Europe’s largest and one of the most active volcanoes.

3. Etna’s summit has five craters, which are responsible for most of the volcano’s eruptions; there are also “flank” eruptions that occur out of 300-odd vents of varying sizes along the slopes of the mountain.

4. Since the year 1600, it has experienced consistent activity, including at least 60 flank eruptions and numerous additional summit eruptions.

UPSC Syllabus: Science and technology, World Geography