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Source: The post Why are democracy and nationalism important for India has been created, based on the article “Nationalism and democracy” published in “Business standard” on 20th March 2024.
UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 2 – Indian constitution
News: This article shows how democracy, originating in ancient Athens, and nationalism, emerging in 17th century Europe, have evolved over time. The article also highlights the challenges and importance of maintaining these principles in modern India. Democracy and Nationalism in India
How did democracy and nationalism develop over time?
Origin of Democracy: Democracy began in 6th century BCE Athens. Initially, it was limited, mainly to property owners, excluding women and slaves.
Evolution of Democracy: Over time, democracy evolved to become more inclusive, gradually expanding the right to vote to a wider section of the population.
Rise of Nationalism: Nationalism emerged in the 17th century, particularly after Europe’s Thirty Years’ War, influenced by the Peace of Westphalia. This introduced ideas like national sovereignty and defined territorial boundaries.
Nation Formation: Early nationalism often linked to ethnic identity, as seen in homogeneous nations like France and Germany. However, multiethnic empires like the Austrian-Hungarian and Ottoman existed alongside.
Post-War Nation-States: After World War I, many multiethnic empires dissolved, creating nation-states often based on ethnicity. Some, like the Soviet Union, included various ethnicities, leading to tensions.
Modern Plural States: Post-World War II, nations evolved into plural states with citizenship based on loyalty rather than ethnicity, culture, or religion.
For information on Democracy read here
For information on Nationalism read here
Why are democracy and nationalism important for India?
- Democracy and nationalism are vital for India as they unify a diverse population and give everyone a voice in governance. With nearly a billion people voting in the upcoming 18th Lok Sabha elections, democracy allows citizens from various backgrounds to choose their leaders. This democratic process strengthens national unity.
- Similarly, India’s approach to nationalism, embracing a multi-ethnic and pluralistic society since independence in 1947, has fostered a sense of belonging among its diverse population.
- Together, democracy and nationalism promote stability and inclusivity in a nation with over 1.4 billion people.
- This combination is crucial for India’s ongoing transformation, but it requires careful management and adherence to constitutional principles.
What are the challenges of maintaining democracy and nationalism in modern India?
Managing Diversity: India’s immense diversity in religion, language, and culture presents a challenge in creating a unified national identity while respecting pluralism.
Ethnic and Cultural Tensions: The presence of multiple ethnicities and cultures, some resulting from historical multi-ethnic states, can lead to tensions and challenges in nation-building.
Constitutional Integrity: Upholding the constitution and its principles, especially in a vast and diverse democracy, requires constant vigilance and commitment.
Democratic Participation: Ensuring active and fair participation in the electoral process for India’s vast population is a logistical and administrative challenge.
Balancing Nationalism with Inclusivity: Striking a balance between promoting nationalism and avoiding exclusion or marginalization of certain groups is crucial for social harmony and national unity.
Way forward
To move forward, India must continue strengthening its democratic processes and uphold the pluralistic nationalism enshrined in its Constitution.
Question for practice:
Evaluate how the principles of democracy and nationalism are being applied and maintained in the context of modern India?
