{"id":232761,"date":"2023-03-20T21:08:08","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T15:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?page_id=232761"},"modified":"2023-03-21T11:19:35","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T05:49:35","slug":"summary-chapter-8-secularism-political-theory-class-11-ncert","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/summary-chapter-8-secularism-political-theory-class-11-ncert\/","title":{"rendered":"[Summary] Chapter 8 : Secularism | Political Theory \u2013 Class 11 \u2013 NCERT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chapter 8: Secularism <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Constitution of India declares that every Indian citizen has a right to live with freedom and dignity in any part of the country<\/u><\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  2. When a community are targeted and victimised on account of their religious identity, basic freedoms of a set of citizens are denied<\/u><\/em>.<\/li>\n
  3. Secularism is first and foremost a doctrine that opposes all forms of inter-religious domination\u2026\n
      \n
    • It is a normative doctrine which seeks to realise a secular society<\/li>\n
    • it promotes freedom within religions, and equality between, as well as within, religions<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • secularism opposes all forms of institutionalised religious domination, it challenges not merely interreligious but also intra-religious domination<\/li>\n
    • Democratic state<\/u><\/strong> :- a state must not be run by the heads of any particular religion. No official religion of state.<\/li>\n
    • A state governed directly by a priestly order is called theocratic.. Theocratic states lack separation between religious and political institutions<\/li>\n
    • Separation of state and religion is not sufficient for the existence of a secular state.\n
        \n
      • The separation of religion-state is, a necessary but not a sufficient ingredient of a secular state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • To be truly secular, a state must not only refuse to be theocratic but also have no formal, legal alliance with any religion<\/li>\n
      • A secular state must be committed to principles and goals which are at least partly derived from non-religious sources.<\/li>\n
      • These ends should include peace, religious freedom, freedom from religiously grounded oppression, discrimination and exclusion, as also inter-religious and intra-religious equality<\/em>.\n
          \n
        • To promote these ends the state must be separated from organised religion and its institutions for the sake of some of these values<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          THE WESTERN MODEL OF SECULARISM<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 All secular states have one thing in common: they are neither theocratic nor do they establish a religion<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 state will not intervene in the affairs of religion and<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 religion will not interfere in the affairs of the state<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Each Organ (Judiciary, executive & Legislature) have a separate sphere of its own with independent jurisdiction<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Strict separation of power exist<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 State cannot aid any religious institution.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 It cannot give financial support to educational institutions run by religious communities.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Nor can it hinder the activities of religious communities, as long as they are within the broad limits set by the law of the land<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Religion is a private matter, not a matter of state policy or law<\/u><\/em>.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This common conception interprets freedom and equality in an individualist manner<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Liberty is the liberty of individuals.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Equality is equality between individuals<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There is little scope for community-based rights or minority rights.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
          THE INDIAN MODEL OF SECULARISM<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian secularism is different from Western secularism.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian secularism does not focus only on religion-state separation and the idea of inter-religious equality is crucial to the Indian conception.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It also ushered ideas of inter-community equality to replace the notion of hierarchy.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It equally focuses on intra-religious and inter-religious domination.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian secularism opposes the oppression of marginalized section<\/u><\/em> such as women, Dalit, SC ST etc<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian secularism deals not only with religious freedom of individuals but also with religious freedom of minority communities<\/u><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 An individual has the right to profess the religion of his or her choice.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Article 29-30<\/u><\/strong> :Religious minorities also have a right to exist and to maintain their own culture and educational institutions.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian secularism has made room for and is compatible with the idea of state-supported religious reform.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Indian constitution bans untouchability, abolishing child marriage etc<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian model of secularism does not follow strict separation of power<\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 A state initiate or even support religious reforms<\/u><\/em>.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Indian secularism allows for principled state intervention in all religions.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Indian state may engage with religion negatively to oppose religious tyranny.<\/p>\n

          \u00a7\u00a0 Abolition of Sati practice, ban on Triple Talaq, women entry in Sabrimala temple etc<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Constitution grants all religious minorities the right to establish and maintain their own educational institutions which may receive assistance from the state.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
          NEHRU ON SECULARISM<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nehru wanted a secular state to be one that \u201cprotects all religions, but does not favour one at the expense of others and does not itself adopt any religion as the state religion<\/u><\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nehru was not in favour of a complete separation between religion and state.<\/p>\n

          \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A secular state can interfere in matters of religion to bring about social reform.<\/p>\n

           <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Chapter 8: Secularism Constitution of India declares that every Indian citizen has a right to live with freedom and dignity in any part of the country. When a community are targeted and victimised on account of their religious identity, basic freedoms of a set of citizens are denied. Secularism is first and foremost a doctrine… Continue reading [Summary] Chapter 8 : Secularism | Political Theory \u2013 Class 11 \u2013 NCERT<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10320,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-232761","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/232761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10320"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232761"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/232761\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}