{"id":49876,"date":"2019-07-16T14:03:39","date_gmt":"2019-07-16T08:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?page_id=49876"},"modified":"2019-07-16T14:04:34","modified_gmt":"2019-07-16T08:34:34","slug":"answered-in-the-upcoming-years-a-host-of-geopolitical-and-economic-issues-need-to-be-reconciled-in-this-context-how-indias-foreign-policy-should-be-modelled-in-the-upcoming-years","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-in-the-upcoming-years-a-host-of-geopolitical-and-economic-issues-need-to-be-reconciled-in-this-context-how-indias-foreign-policy-should-be-modelled-in-the-upcoming-years\/","title":{"rendered":"[Answered] \u201cIn the upcoming years, a host of geopolitical and economic issues need to be reconciled\u201d. In this context how India’s foreign policy should be modelled in the upcoming years? Discuss how India should balance its interest among various nations?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Demand of the question<\/strong>
Introduction.<\/strong>Contextual introduction.
Body.<\/strong>Various geopolitical issues. How India should balance
Conclusion.<\/strong>Way forward. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

The global situation that made all this possible has altered. Rivalries among nations have intensified. There is virtual elimination of the middle ground in global politics, and it has become far more adversarial than at any time previously. Even the definition of a liberal order seems to be undergoing changes. Several more countries today profess support for their kind of liberalism, including Russia and China. At the other end, western democracy appears far less liberal today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Various geopolitical issues and how should India\nface it?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Focus on South Asia-<\/strong>India needs to rework many of its policies in the\ncoming five years. South Asia, in particular, and the region of our highest\npriority, need close attention. The region is one of the most disturbed in the\nworld and India has little or no say in any of the outcomes taking place.\nIndia-Pakistan relations are perhaps at their lowest point. India has no role\nin Afghan affairs and is also excluded from current talks involving the\nTaliban, the Afghan government, Pakistan, the U.S. and even Russia and China.\nIndia might have recouped its position more recently in the Maldives, but its\nposition in Nepal and Sri Lanka need fresh efforts. <\/li>
  2. Challenge of China-<\/strong>Across much of Asia, China is the major challenge\nthat India has to contend with. Smaller countries in the region are being influenced\nto participate in China\u2019s programmes such as the Belt and Road Initiative\n(BRI). India and Bhutan are the only two countries in this region that have\nopted out of the BRI. The challenge in the coming years for India is to check\nthe slide, especially in Asia, and try and restore India to the position it\nheld previously. India cannot afford to wait too long to rectify the situation.<\/li>
  3. Balancing India- US relation-<\/strong>Deepening India-U.S. relations today again carry\nthe danger of India becoming involved in a new kind of Cold War. This is\nanother area that needs special focus. India must ensure that it does not\nbecome a party to the conflicts and rivalries between the U.S. and a rising\nChina, the heightened tensions between the U.S. and Russia, and also avoid\nbecoming a pawn in the U.S.-Iran conflict. In the past, we manage a shift from\nnon-alignment to multi-alignment, that could improve our relations with the\nUnited States without jeopardising our long-term relationship with Russia, all\nthe while maintaining our strategic independence. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    There\nis little doubt that current India-U.S. relations provide India better access\nto state-of-the-art defence items; the recent passage of the National Defence\nAuthorisation Act in the U.S. makes India virtually a non-NATO ally. However,\nsuch close identification comes with a price. It could stress relations with\nRussia, which has been a long term ally and a defence partner of India. Closer\nrelations with the U.S. also carries the risk of aggravating tensions between\nIndia and China, even as China and the U.S. engage in contesting every domain\nand are involved in intense rivalry in military matters as well as competition\non technology issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Big powers concern-<\/strong>The U.S.-China-Russia conflict has another\ndimension which could affect India adversely. It will impact India\u2019s position\nin both Asia and Eurasia, with India being seen as increasingly aligned to the\nU.S. Hence, India needs to devise a policy that does not leave it isolated in\nthe region.Again, notwithstanding the \u2018Wuhan spirit\u2019, India cannot but be\nconcerned about China\u2019s true intentions, given the regional and global\nsituation and its desire to dominate the Asian region. Within the next decade,\nChina will become a mighty military power, second only to the U.S. The ongoing\nIndia-U.S. entente could well provoke a China to act with greater impunity than\npreviously.<\/li>
    • Disruptive technology challenge-<\/strong>As India intensifies its search for\nstate-of-the-art military equipment from different sources, it may be\nworthwhile for India to step back and reconsider some of its options. Today,\ndisruptive technologies have tremendous danger potential and nations that\npossess these technologies have the ability to become the dominant powers in\nthe 21st and 22nd Centuries.A major challenge for India will hence be how to overcome\nour current inadequacies in the sector of disruptive technologies rather than\nremaining confined to the purely military domain. The U.S., China, Russia,\nIsrael and few other countries dominate these spheres as also cyberspace and\ncyber methodologies. New policy parameters will need to be drawn up by India,\nand our capabilities enhanced in areas such as artificial intelligence,\nbiotechnology and cyber methodology, all of which constitute critical elements\nof the disruptive technology.<\/li>
    • Slowing Economy issue-<\/strong>India is aiming to become a $5-trillion economy by\n2024-25, the reality today is that the economy appears to be in a state of\ndecline. Jobs, specially skilled jobs, are not available in sufficient numbers\nand this should be a matter for concern. The ability to sustain a rate of\ngrowth between 8.5% and 9.5% is again highly doubtful. The looming challenge\nfor India in the coming years, therefore, would be how to build a strong\neconomic foundation, one that is capable of providing the kind of power structure\nneeded for an emerging power, and also one possessing the best liberal\ncredentials.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      How to balance India\u2019s interests at global platform?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      In response to the challenges China represents,\nIndia has four types of tools at its disposal: military power, potential\npartnerships with other countries (including China), multilateral diplomacy,\nand international economic integration. India needs to cultivate and enhance\nthese tools as much as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Military power-<\/strong>States are ultimately responsible for their own\nsecurity, and for most states, except especially weak onesmilitary power is a\nform of insurance that cannot be ignored. It is the most basic instrument that\nstates have, and it is ultimately the only instrument that is entirely under\nthe control of the state. That said, military power is often by itself\ninsufficient, and expending too much effort in this area can potentially have\ndeleterious consequences.Building sufficient military capabilities could\nconceivably allow India to deter China from using force against it or, if\ndeterrence were to fail, to defend itself.  Having such military capabilities may also\ngive India a freer hand in a potential confrontation with its long-time rival\nPakistan, because greater military strength in New Delhi would likely lessen\nthe incentive for Beijing to open a second front in such a conflict along the\nIndian border with Tibet. The army suffers from equipment shortages, especially\nartillery. In addition, there are concerns about the adequacy of the army\u2019s reserves,as\nwell as a shortage of officersissues that could potentially affect combat\neffectiveness. These issues should be resolved.<\/li>
      2. Partnership with other countries<\/strong>– Countries who can help India balance against\nChina and possibly help India enhance its own capabilities should be approached.\nThis is because China is far wealthier and militarily stronger than India, and\nthis reality is unlikely to change much over the next two decades because the\ngap between the two is already very wide. China\u2019s continuing high growth rate\nmakes it difficult for India to significantly reduce this gap, especially since\nIndia\u2019s growth rate is not much greater than China\u2019s. This makes partnerships\nnecessary for New Delhi, although such partners should share India\u2019s concerns\nabout China and be capable and willing to use their own military forces to\ncounter China\u2019s military power. Equally important, they should have enough\nclout in the international arena to be able to support India\u2019s interests.\nAdditionally, they should be both able and willing to help India develop its\nown economic, technological, and military power so that it can better balance\nagainst China.<\/li>
      3. Multilateral diplomacy<\/strong>– India could potentially use multilateral\ninstitutions such as the United Nations to undermine the legitimacy of and\nconstrain any aggressive Chinese behaviour in the international arena. In\naddition, although India is not a permanent UNSC member, New Delhi could\nconceivably garner support on issues it deems important from other states,\nespecially more powerful ones like the United States, and, in so doing, attempt\nto isolate Beijing and deter China from acting against India\u2019s interests.\nAdmittedly, China could opt to veto such proceedings in the UNSC, but it would\nlikely pay a diplomatic cost for doing so, and such veto power does not extend\nto the UN General Assembly. Meanwhile, in some situations, New Delhi could also\nconceivably partner with Beijing in such venues, in order to give China an\nincentive to be more accommodating of India\u2019s interests.<\/li>
      4. International economic cooperation and trade-<\/strong> Trade and economic cooperation are useful tools\nfor growing the Indian economy, generating greater wealth, and developing\nIndia\u2019s technological capacities. Greater wealth and technological capacities\nare essential building blocks of military power and greater international\ninfluence, both of which are necessary for meeting the challenge China poses.\nIndia can use trade and economic cooperation with China as one way of enhancing\nIndian economic growth, but New Delhi should be careful about buying into the\nidea that such cooperation can ameliorate potential conflict with Beijing. More\nbroadly, greater trade and cooperation with friendlier countries and blocs,\nfrom the United States and the European Union to Japan and other countries in\nthe Indo-Pacific region, can also help expand India\u2019s wealth and power.<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Demand of the question Introduction.Contextual introduction. Body.Various geopolitical issues. How India should balance Conclusion.Way forward. The global situation that made all this possible has altered. Rivalries among nations have intensified. There is virtual elimination of the middle ground in global politics, and it has become far more adversarial than at any time previously. Even the… Continue reading [Answered] \u201cIn the upcoming years, a host of geopolitical and economic issues need to be reconciled\u201d. In this context how India’s foreign policy should be modelled in the upcoming years? Discuss how India should balance its interest among various nations?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":49132,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49876","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49876"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49876\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}