{"id":51034,"date":"2019-08-08T16:47:26","date_gmt":"2019-08-08T11:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?page_id=51034"},"modified":"2019-08-08T16:47:34","modified_gmt":"2019-08-08T11:17:34","slug":"answered-rising-pressure-on-cities-and-rising-air-pollution-demand-sustainable-transport-facilities-in-urban-areas-discuss","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-rising-pressure-on-cities-and-rising-air-pollution-demand-sustainable-transport-facilities-in-urban-areas-discuss\/","title":{"rendered":"[Answered] \u201cRising pressure on cities and rising air pollution demand sustainable transport facilities in urban areas.\u201d Discuss."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Demand of the question<\/strong>
Introduction.<\/strong> Contextual Introduction.
Body. <\/strong>Problems of urban transport in India and solution.
Conclusion. <\/strong>Way forward. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Indian cities are\ncharacterized by increasing levels of congestion, pollution, road accidents etc.\nThere is need of sustainable urban transport in order to build inclusive, safer\nand more sustainable cities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problems faced\nby Urban Transport in India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Growth in number of vehicles: <\/strong>According\nto Niti Aayog, the number of registered vehicles has increased from 5.4 million\nin 1981, to 210 million in 2015 . This rapid growth in demand in the absence of\nwidespread public transport system has caused a rapid increase of private car\nownership in India.<\/li>
  2. Inadequate Public Transport:<\/strong> According to\ngovernment data, there are about 19 lakh buses in the country and only 2.8 lakh\nof them are run either by state transport undertaking or under stage carriage\npermits. A CSE study points out that the share of public transport is expected\nto decrease from 75.5% in 2000-01, to 44.7 per cent in 2030-31, while the share\nof personal transport will be more than 50%. Thus public transport is very less\nto support growing population.<\/li>
  3. Urban Pollution: <\/strong>According to a WHO study\n14 out of the top 15 most polluted cities in the world belong to India.\nVehicular pollution has been one of the major contributors to rising urban air\npollution in Indian cities along with other factors such as construction\nactivity, road dust and industrial activity.<\/li>
  4. Urban Congestion: <\/strong>Major Indian cities\nlike Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru are ranked among world\u2019s most\ncongested cities. High levels of congestion have huge economic implications in\nthe form of reduced productivity, fuel waste, and accidents. Further, there is\nan acute shortage of parking spaces both on and off the streets in the urban\ncentres.<\/li>
  5. Road injuries and fatality: <\/strong>Fatalities\nresulting from road accidents is increased by 3.2%. The major reasons for\ntraffic crashes include poor quality of roads, poor traffic management, unsafe\nand overcrowded vehicles and unsafe driving behaviour.<\/li>
  6. Unaffordable Transportation:<\/strong> Most of the\nlower income groups and urban poor are unable to afford private transport and\neven public transport are costly for them.<\/li>
  7. Safety of women:<\/strong> Safety is the single\nbiggest factor constraining women\u2019s mobility. Women in major Indian cities\nreported being harassed on streets. Overcrowding in public transport adds to\ninsecurity and safety issues.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    What is needed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. There should be increased emphasis on safety and accessibility. For this CCTVs, trained professionals, recognition of vulnerable and high risk points are important.<\/li>
    2. There should be more emphasis on reducing congestion caused by passenger and goods flow in urban areas. This need reduce ticket price, more AC-buses etc. <\/li>
    3. There is need of urban planning focusing on integrating and organising residential and commercial complexes so that travel time is reduced.<\/li>
    4. An efficient and convenient public transport to address the issue of air pollution and congestion in Indian cities is important . It include: