{"id":53746,"date":"2019-11-05T17:14:16","date_gmt":"2019-11-05T11:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?page_id=53746"},"modified":"2019-11-05T17:14:24","modified_gmt":"2019-11-05T11:44:24","slug":"answered-in-recent-years-attack-on-stubble-burning-has-increased-due-to-its-contribution-to-rising-air-pollution-in-light-of-this-discuss-how-stubble-burning-cause-air-pollution","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-in-recent-years-attack-on-stubble-burning-has-increased-due-to-its-contribution-to-rising-air-pollution-in-light-of-this-discuss-how-stubble-burning-cause-air-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"[Answered] \u201cIn recent years, attack on stubble burning has increased due to its contribution to rising air pollution.\u201d In light of this discuss how stubble burning cause air pollution. Suggest some measures to tackle stubble burning menace in India."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Demand of the question<\/strong>
Introduction. <\/strong>Contextual Introduction.
Body. <\/strong>Discuss how stubble burning lead to air pollution? Causes behind stubble burning and its persistence. Suggest some alternative solutions to avoid Stubble Burning.
Conclusion. <\/strong>Way forward. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Stubble burning is a post-harvest practice used to clear fields of paddy crop residue by burning them. This practice mostly carried out in Punjab, Haryana and UP contributes solely to the grave winter pollution in the national capital. For farmers, burning the residue becomes the easiest way of disposing it owing to lack of time, equipments and awareness. But this add up to the already poor air quality in India and is one of the cause of air pollution in India. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

How\nstubble burning lead to air pollution?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Stubble\nburning, results in emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, N2O,\nNO2, SO2, CH4 along with particulate matter and hydrocarbons. Each tonne of\ncrop residue on burning releases around 3kg of particulate matter, 60 kg of CO,\n1,460 kg of CO2, 199kg of ash and 2kg of SO2.<\/li>
  2. Also, Crop\nresidue fires in Punjab and Haryana are enhancing concentrations of toxic gases\nlike benzene and toluene, according to research from Indian Institute of\nScience Education and Research (IISER).<\/li>
  3. Further,\nStubble burning releases toxic pollutants like Volatile organic compound (VOC)\nin air. Also, it leads to spike in Particulate Matter levels, contributing\nbetween 12 and 60% of PM concentrations.<\/li>
  4. Clouds\nof ash and smoke containing these harmful pollutants from stubble burning\ntravel more than 1000 kms aided by the Westerly winds coming from the\nMediterranean region and create an obstinate and non-clearing clouds. <\/li>
  5. Smog\nformed of the smoke increase the levels of pollutants by manifolds in the air\nleading to poor visibility and causing accidents.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Causes\nbehind stubble burning and its persistence:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Paucity\nof time forces farmers to burn residue to clear the farms early for preparing\nthem for sowing of wheat in the Rabi season.<\/li>
    2. Farmers\nin this region have a traditional belief that burning crop residue will restore\nnutrients back to the soil.<\/li>
    3. Mechanisation\nand employment guarantee schemes like MGNREGA have led to shortage of farm\nlabourers to carry on seasonal migration from UP and Bihar to Punjab and\nHaryana, as was prevalent earlier. It has become more economical for farmers to\nburn stubble on field than getting it transported for other uses.<\/li>
    4. Availability,\naffordability and awareness regarding crop residue management machines like\n\u2018Happy seeder\u2019 and \u2018Super SMS attachment\u2019 is inadequate.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Alternative\nsolutions that can avoid Stubble Burning:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. The\navailable paddy straw can be effectively used for power generation, which will\ngo a long way towards overcoming the problem of disposal of crop residues and\npower deficit in the region.<\/li>
      2. Suitable\nmachinery for collection, chopping and in situ incorporation of straw is\nrequired.<\/li>
      3. There is\ngreat potential for making investments in paddy straw-based power plants which\ncan help avoid stubble burning to a large extent and also create employment\nopportunities.<\/li>
      4. Incorporation\nof crop residues in the soil can improve soil moisture and help activate the\ngrowth of soil microorganisms for better plant growth.<\/li>
      5. New\nopportunities for industrial use such as extraction of yeast protein can be\nexplored through scientific research.<\/li>
      6. There is\nalso a need to develop rice varieties that are both rich in grain yield and\nhigh in straw quality. Use of such dual-purpose rice varieties will help to\nmaintain food security, farm income and improve environmental sustainability.<\/li>
      7. There\nneeds to be a proactive engagement to both persuade and reassure farmers.<\/li>
      8. The\ngreater availability of machines and the zero-tolerance policy need to be seen\nas works in progress to derive lessons on how to refine the crop-clearing\nprocess in an ecologically sound manner.<\/li>
      9. Promoting\nindigenous research and science, incentivising pulses production, and\nrationalising pricing more broadly. Converting crises into opportunities is the\nhallmark of good public policy.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        The 2014 national policy envisages adoption of technical measures, including diversified uses of crop residue, capacity building and training along with formulation of suitable legislation, to deal with the issue of disposing of stubble. Unless Financial assistance is to be provided by the Centre for boosting farm mechanisation, it is difficult to completely stop stubble burning. States needs to make alternative arrangements for consumption of paddy straw into the soil as per the directions of the NGT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Demand of the question Introduction. Contextual Introduction. Body. Discuss how stubble burning lead to air pollution? Causes behind stubble burning and its persistence. Suggest some alternative solutions to avoid Stubble Burning. Conclusion. Way forward. Stubble burning is a post-harvest practice used to clear fields of paddy crop residue by burning them. This practice mostly carried… Continue reading [Answered] \u201cIn recent years, attack on stubble burning has increased due to its contribution to rising air pollution.\u201d In light of this discuss how stubble burning cause air pollution. Suggest some measures to tackle stubble burning menace in India.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53746","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53746"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53746\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}