{"id":56792,"date":"2020-03-06T16:30:47","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T11:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogadmin.forumias.com\/?page_id=56792"},"modified":"2020-03-06T16:30:49","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T11:00:49","slug":"answered-discuss-various-issues-in-indian-higher-education-system-suggest-some-measures-to-improve-it","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answered-discuss-various-issues-in-indian-higher-education-system-suggest-some-measures-to-improve-it\/","title":{"rendered":"[Answered] Discuss various issues in Indian higher education system. Suggest some measures to improve it."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n Demand of the question<\/strong>\n Introduction.\n <\/strong>Contextual introduction.\n Body.\n <\/strong>Discuss various issues in Indian higher education\n system. Suggest some measures to improve Indian higher education system.\n Conclusion.\n <\/strong>Way forward.\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

India\u2019s higher education has various\nstructural issues. With no university among the ranks of world class universities,\nIndia\u2019s higher education system is termed as poor, structurally flawed. The\nlatest \u2018India Skills Report\u2019 suggests that only 47% of Indian graduates are\nemployable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Issues\nin Indian higher education system:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Education quality: <\/strong>National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in its\nassessment report pointed out that 68% of institutions in India are of middle\nor poor quality. Recruitment of undergraduates as teachers, ad-hoc appointments\nand low pay scale, inadequate teacher training are all factors that have caused\na deterioration in the quality of education. <\/li>
  2. Vacancies:<\/strong> Nearly 35% of professor posts and 46% of assistant\nprofessor posts out of total sanctioned strength remain vacant across the\ncountry.<\/li>
  3. Financing:<\/strong> India barely spends 2.5% of its budgetary allocations on\neducation. This is far below the required amount needed to upgrade the\ninfrastructure at public institutes. Nearly 65% of the University Grants\nCommission (UGC) budget is utilised by the central universities when the share\nof state universities in student enrolments is much higher.<\/li>
  4. Inclusiveness and Equal Access: <\/strong>Inter-caste and tribal disparities are prominent\nin Indian higher education.For\nScheduled Castes, Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) is 19.9% and for Scheduled\nTribes, it is 14.2% as compared to the national GER of 24.5%. Muslims have the\nlowest rate of enrolment in higher education. Caste-based discrimination in\nuniversities leading to suicides e.g. Rohit Vemula case.<\/li>
  5. Privatisation\nand Regulation: <\/strong>Withdrawal of\npublic sector has left the space open for private institutions that have turned\neducation into a flourishing business. Most of the teachers in private colleges\nare underpaid and overworked.<\/li>
  6. Curriculum:<\/strong> There is a wide gap between industry requirements and\ncurriculum taught at colleges. This also renders graduates unemployable lacking\nin specific skill-sets.<\/li>
  7. Autonomy:\n<\/strong>Over-regulation by regulators\nsuch as UGC, MCI, which decide on aspects of standards, appointments, fees\nstructure and curriculum has further deterred new institutions from opening\ncampuses.<\/li>
  8. Academic\nresearch: <\/strong>India has barely 119\nresearchers per million of the population as compared to Japan which has 5300\nand US which has 4500. Besides, in the US 4% of science graduates finish the\ndoctorate, in Europe, this number is 7%, but in India barely 0.4% of graduates\nfinish the doctorate.<\/li>
  9. Faculty shortage: <\/strong>Faculty vacancies at government institutions are at 50% on\naverage. The problem lies in increased demand, and stagnant supply. <\/li>
  10. Poor research: <\/strong>Indian universities persist in separating research and\nteaching activities. Monetary incentives for academia are practically\nnon-existent, and Indian R&D expenditure at 0.62% of GDP is one of the\nlowest in emerging economies. Indian universities rank low in both research and\nteaching. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Measures\nto improve Indian higher education system: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Filling up vacancies:<\/strong> Government must ensure filling up of vacancies\nthrough more autonomy to the institutions.<\/li>
    2. Creating enabling atmosphere:<\/strong> Research cannot be improved merely by\nregulating universities, instead they need efforts to create enabling\natmosphere for which it is imperative to grant more autonomy, better funding\nand new instruments to regulate work ethic.<\/li>
    3. Implementing initiatives: <\/strong>New initiatives like Hackathon, curriculum\nreform, anytime, anywhere learning through SWAYAM, teacher training are all\naimed at improving quality. These need to be effectively implemented.<\/li>
    4. Permanent appointments:<\/strong> As India wants to transform its universities\ninto world class institutions, it must safeguard the interests of young\nresearchers and thousands of temporary faculty members by expediting the\npermanent appointments in a time-bound framework and transparent manner.<\/li>
    5. Incentive: <\/strong>One of the fundamental changes India must institutionalise\nis a radically new compensation and incentive structure for faculty members. A\nflexibility to pay differential salaries based on market forces and merit must\nbe part of this transformation.<\/li>
    6. Investment: <\/strong>Adequate investment in the higher education sector is needed. Gap in investment to be filled\nby private sector<\/li>
    7. Revamping curriculum: <\/strong>It is important to make curriculum\nindustry-oriented, updated and practical focusing on skill development. More\nfocus is needed on critical thinking, analytical reasoning, problem-solving\nrather than memorizing and writing skills. <\/li>
    8. Autonomy: <\/strong>UGC should act as a facilitator rather than a regulator.\nMore autonomy to universities to be provided.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      The government released a Draft National\nEducation Policy (DNEP) in 2019, which proposed ambitious reforms. The DNEP\naims to double education spending to 6% of GDP, and close the research-teaching\ndivide in higher education. Experts, however, are doubtful about whether the\ndramatic increases will be politically feasible, and whether the implementation\nof such reforms will be implemented successfully or not.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Demand of the question Introduction. Contextual introduction. Body. Discuss various issues in Indian higher education system. Suggest some measures to improve Indian higher education system. Conclusion. Way forward. India\u2019s higher education has various structural issues. With no university among the ranks of world class universities, India\u2019s higher education system is termed as poor, structurally flawed.… Continue reading [Answered] Discuss various issues in Indian higher education system. Suggest some measures to improve it.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-56792","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56792"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56792\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}