{"id":96719,"date":"2021-03-20T15:31:29","date_gmt":"2021-03-20T10:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?page_id=96719"},"modified":"2023-11-04T13:47:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T08:17:02","slug":"civil-engineering","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/upsc-syllabus\/civil-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil Engineering Optional UPSC Syllabus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Civil Engineering Optional-Syllabus as per UPSC official syllabus\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

PAPER-I<\/h3>\n

1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis.<\/strong>
\n1.1 Engineering Mechanics :<\/strong>
\nUnits and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid
\nbody. Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force
\nfree body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force
\nsystem.
\nFirst and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.
\nStatic Friction.
\nKinematics and Kinetics:
\nKinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform
\nacceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energyprinciples, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.<\/p>\n

1.2 Strength of Materials :<\/strong>
\nSimple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear
\nforce and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across
\ncross sections, Beams of uniform strength.
\nDeflection of beams: Mecaulay\u2019s method, Mohr\u2019s Moment area method, Conjugate beam
\nmethod, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler\u2019s,
\nRankine\u2019s and Secant formulae.<\/p>\n

1.3 Structural Analysis :<\/strong>
\nCastiglianio\u2019s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to
\nbeams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution.
\nRolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending
\nmoment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in
\nbeams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported
\nplane pin jointed trusses.
\nArches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature
\neffects.
\nMatrix mehods of analysis : Force method and displacement method of analysis of
\nindeterminate beams and rigid frames.
\nPlastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical
\nmethod, Mechanism method.
\nUnsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis
\nand Principal axes, calculation of bending stresses.
\n2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures.<\/p>\n

2.1 Structural Steel Design :<\/strong>
\nStructural steel : Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and
\nconnections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section,
\nriveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings.<\/p>\n

2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :<\/strong>
\nConcept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Working Stress and Limit State method of
\ndesign\u2014 Recommendations of I. S. codes. Design of one way and two way slabs,
\nstair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections.
\nCompression members under direct load with or without eccentricity.
\nCantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls.
\nWater tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.
\nPrestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis
\nand design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress.
\nDesign of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes
\n3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines :<\/strong>
\n3.1 Fluid Mechanics :<\/strong>
\nFluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on
\nplane and curve surfaces.
\nKinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity and accelerations, stream lines,
\nequation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream
\nfunctions.
\nContinuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler\u2019s equation of
\nmotion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.
\n3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham\u2019s Pi-theorem, dimensionless <\/strong>
\nparameters.<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.3 Laminar Flow :<\/strong>
\nLaminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.
\n3.4 Boundary layer :<\/strong>
\nLaminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and
\nrough boundaries, drag and lift.
\nTurbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and
\nvariation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line.<\/p>\n

3.5 Open Channel Flow :<\/strong>
\nUniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific
\nenergy and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually
\nvaried flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration
\nof varied flow equation.<\/p>\n

3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower :<\/strong>
\nHydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters,
\ncontrols, characteristics, specific speed.
\nPrinciples of hydropower development.<\/p>\n

4. Geotechnical Engineering :<\/strong>
\nSoil Type and Structure\u2014gradation and particle size distribution\u2014consistency limits.
\nWater in soil\u2014capillary and structural\u2014effective stress and pore water
\npressure\u2014permeability concept\u2014filed and laboratory determination of
\npermeability\u2014Seepage pressure\u2014quick sand conditions\u2014Shear strength
\ndetermination\u2014Mohr Coulomb concept.
\nCompaction of soil\u2014Laboratory and filed test.
\nCompressibility and consolidation concept\u2014 consolidation theory\u2014consolidation
\nsettlement analysis.
\nEarth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles and
\nBraced excavation.
\nBearing capacity of soil\u2014approaches for analysis- Filed tests\u2014settlement
\nanalysis\u2014stability of slope of earth walk.
\nSubsuface exploration of soils\u2014methods
\nFoundation\u2014Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures\u2014Design criteria for
\nfoundation\u2014Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile\u2014pile group
\naction\u2014pile load test.
\nGround improvement techniques.<\/p>\n

PAPER-II<\/h3>\n

1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management<\/strong>
\n1.1 Construction Technology<\/strong>
\nEngineering Materials :<\/strong>
\nPhysical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in
\nconstruction\u2014Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars and
\nConcrete.
\nSpecific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High stength concrete.
\nTimber; Properties defects\u2014common preservation treatments.
\nUse and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High
\nRise Buildings.<\/p>\n

1.2 Construction :<\/strong>
\nMasonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks\u2014construction detailing and strength
\ncharacteristics.
\nTypes of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features.
\nCommon repairs in buildings.
\nPrinciple of functional planning of building for residents and specific use\u2014Building code
\nprovisions.
\nBasic principles of detailed and approximate estimating\u2014specification writing and rate
\nanalysis-principles of valuation of real property.
\nMachinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses\u2014Factors affecting selection
\nof equipments\u2014operating cost of equipments.<\/p>\n

1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT :<\/strong>
\nConstruction activity\u2014schedules\u2014organization for construction industry\u2014Quality
\nassurance principles.
\nUse Basic principle of network\u2014analysis in form of CPM and PERT\u2014their use in
\nconstruction monitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation.
\nBasic principles of Economic analysis and methods.
\nProject profitability\u2014Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll
\nfixation criterions.<\/p>\n

2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering<\/strong>
\n2.1 Surveying :<\/strong> Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for
\nCE work\u2014their use in plane table, traverse survey, levelling work, triangulation,
\ncontouring and topographical map.
\nBasic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.
\n2.2 Railways Engineering<\/strong> : Permanent way\u2014components, types and their
\nfunction-Functions and Design constituents of turn and crossing\u2014 Necessity of
\ngeometric design of track\u2014Design of station and yards.
\n2.3 Highway Engineering :<\/strong>
\nPrinciples of Highway alignments\u2014classification and geometrical design elements and
\nstandards for Roads.
\nPavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements\u2014Design principles and
\nmethodology of pavements.
\nTypical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM,
\nBituminous works and CC roads.
\nSurface and sub-surface drainge arrangements for roads\u2014culvert structures.
\nPavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.
\nTraffic surveys and their application in traffic planning\u2014Typical design features for
\nchannelized, intersection rotary etc.\u2014signal designs\u2014standard Traffic signs and
\nmarkings.<\/p>\n

3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :<\/strong>
\n3.1 Hydrology :<\/strong>
\nHydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow,
\nhydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow
\nrouting\u2014Muskingam method.
\n3.2 Ground Water flow :<\/strong>
\nSpecific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined
\naquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined
\nconditions.
\n3.3 Water Resources Engineering :<\/strong>
\nGround and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity
\nof reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.
\n3.4 Irrigation Engineering :<\/strong>
\n(i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and
\ntheir efficiencies.
\n(ii) Canals : Distribution systems for cannal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment
\nof main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime
\ntheory, critical shear stress, bed load.
\n(iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity.
\n(iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes
\nand canal outlets.
\n(v) Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable
\nfoundation, Khosla\u2019s theory, energy dissipation.
\n(vi) Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis.
\n(vii) Spillways : Spillway types, energy dissipation.
\n(viii) River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.<\/p>\n

4. Environmental Engineering<\/strong>
\n4.1 Water Supply :<\/strong>
\nPredicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical,
\nchemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water.
\n4.2 Intake of Water :<\/strong>
\nWater treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-,
\npressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.
\n4.3 Sewerage Systems :<\/strong>
\nDomestic and industrial wastes, store sewage\u2014separate and combined systems, flow
\nthrough sewers, design of sewers.
\n4.4 Sewage Characterisation :<\/strong>
\nBOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal
\nwater course and on land.
\n4.5 Sewage Treatment :<\/strong>
\nWorking principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation
\nponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.
\n4.6 Solid waste :<\/strong>
\nCollection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.<\/p>\n

5. Environmental pollution :<\/strong>
\nSustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact
\nassessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Air pollution. Pollution
\ncontrol acts.<\/p>\n

Suggestive books for Civil engineering optional<\/strong><\/h3>\n