{"id":103024,"date":"2021-04-22T21:00:27","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T15:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=103024"},"modified":"2021-04-23T10:28:23","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T04:58:23","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-april-22-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-april-22-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 April 22, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/data-revolution-and-new-global-order\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data Revolution and New Global Order<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G1M8GOQA6.1&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Click Here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Syllabus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: GS 3 &#8211; Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Synopsis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Digital Data Revolution will shape the new global order. It would give Asia a strategic advantage in the world. India must also be prepared to play a key role in the hyper-connected world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Background:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There has been a shift of global<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">power from the Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific in recent times.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This shift is marked by advancement in \u201cDigital Data Revolution\u2019 while the earlier order was created by the Industrial Revolution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, this data revolution has created some strategic implications.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Strategic Implications of the Data revolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data has created a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship between military and civilian systems. Today cybersecurity has become national security. Thus, it demands a new military doctrine and a diplomatic framework.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data has <\/span><b>blurred the line between domestic and foreign policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and calls for establishing new global rules.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, a growth in smartphone-based e-commerce is generating massive amounts of data. It would give a<\/span><b> sustained productivity advantage to Asia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data streams have acquired a central position in Global trade. Further, a country\u2019s economic and national power is dependent on data.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These factors allow India to negotiate new rules as an equal with the U.S. and China. The rules must be formulated keeping in mind the new dynamics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>New Dynamics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>China<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has made use of data streams and emerged as the second-largest economy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also has a $ 53 trillion mobile payments market and acquires a global share of 50%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, It has formed a joint venture with SWIFT for cross-border payments. The country also suggested foundational principles for interoperability between central bank digital currencies at the Bank for International Settlement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, it is still highly dependent on semiconductors and unable to avoid US sanctions on banks, 5G, and cloud computing companies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, it is trying hard to overcome this weakness by<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distorting dollar-based trade through its e-yuan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launching a $1.4 trillion science and technology strategy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>U.S:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The conventional deterrence capabilities of US have reduced. It now puts more focus on diplomacy than military power to resolve conflicts with China.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the mobile payments market, only around 30% of consumers use digital means and the total volume of mobile payments is less than $100 billion.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The country appears to be losing its dominant position to China in the global order.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>India:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the mobile payments&#8217; sphere, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) volume is expected to cross $1 trillion by 2025.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The goal is to create a $5-trillion economy by 2025.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It faces a challenge of :<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balancing engagement with major powers and<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retaining its data for innovation and competitive advantage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Factors showing India\u2019s crucial position in shaping the new global order<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China is India\u2019s largest trading partner despite recent border clashes. Also, both the countries are uncomfortable with:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treating Western values as universal values<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The U.S. interpretation of Freedom of Navigation rules in others\u2019 territorial waters<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The US wants to invest heavily in India and leverage the Indian markets, a strategy similar to China\u2019s belt and initiative. Further India is seen as a reliable partner to curb Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Delhi\u2019s Indo-Pacific vision is premised on \u2018ASEAN centrality and the common pursuit of prosperity\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The EU is also determined to enhance its influence in the Indo-Pacific region. This automatically induces the grouping to improve its relation with India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Way Forward:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is part of both U.S. and China-led strategic groupings which gives it a robust development potential.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, the country must be prepared to play a key role in moulding rules for the hyper-connected world. This would help it in realising its potential of becoming the 2nd largest economy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/demands-for-delinking-of-state-and-religion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Demands for Delinking of State and Religion<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G1M8GOQAO.1&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hindu<\/a>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Syllabus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: GS 2 &#8211; Constitution \u2013 features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Synopsis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some religious groups in Tamil Nadu are demanding delinking of state from religious affairs. However, minimal state intervention to promote justice and equality is permitted by the constitution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Background<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amidst the electoral process, some Religious groups are demanding delinking of state and religion in Tamil Nadu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are opposing laws like <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&amp;CE) Act 1959<\/span>. The law <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">allows the state to intervene<\/span> in the affairs of Hindu public endowments.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under this, the government can <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">appoint a State Commissioner<\/span> for general superintendence over all Hindu religious endowments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The commissioner will further <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">appoint executive officers to temples<\/span>. They will ensure that the funds are being properly applied.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Arguments by protestors in favour of delinking<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>First<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, intervention by the state is against the secular and democratic credentials of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Second<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, intervention undermines their freedom of religion which is guaranteed by the constitution under Articles 25 and 26.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 25 gives the freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 26 protects group rights. It grants to every \u201creligious denomination\u201d the right:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to establish institutions;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to manage its own affairs in matters of religion;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">also, to own and acquire property; and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">administer that property in accordance with law<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Third<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, there is an unequal degree of control amongst religions. They argue that a lenient attitude is shown towards other religions like Islam and Christianity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Arguments against Delinking:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>No credible successor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Apart from the state, no institution or group can curtail the evil practices surrounding a religion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Strengthening Evil practices: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delinking might uphold the interest of dominant communities and strengthen the evil hierarchical division in society.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For instance, the government of Madras formulated a law in 1927 to intervene in the management of religious establishments. As powerful castes and communities within the Hindu fold appropriated control over them.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Indian Concept of Secularism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The constituent assembly adopted a model based on the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">notion of principled distance<\/span> and not complete isolation like the western model. It allows intervention for establishing a free and egalitarian society.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Constitutional Provisions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Articles 25 and 26 are subject to public order, health, and morality. This gives ample scope to the state to frame a law regulating any economic, financial, or other secular activity associated with religion.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using this, the government of Madras enacted a Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act in 1951. It was later replaced by the 1959 Act.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Judicial Backing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The supreme court in Shirur Mutt Case (1954) case upheld the 1951 Act. The court said the act was in consonance with the state&#8217;s power under Articles 25 and 26.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Laws for other religions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: There are laws for other religions as well. The amount of intervention depends on the gravity of the situation.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>For instance<\/strong>, the Waqf Act 1995 gives the government substantial supervisory control over the management of properties dedicated for religious purposes under Muslim law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Way Forward:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complete state isolation is not possible as per the constitutional directives. Although the deficiencies in HR&amp;CE law must be re-examined on its merits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People should constantly demand transparency and hold the state responsible to the administrative standards prescribed under the law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/need-to-prioritise-vaccination-for-migrant-workers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Need to Prioritise Vaccination for Migrant workers<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/migrant-workers-covid-vaccine-7283693\/\">Indian Express<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Gs3: Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>The migrant workers contribute significantly to the economy, however, they are also more vulnerable to the Covid crisis. Hence, the government needs to prioritize Vaccination for the migrant population.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out across the nation and nearly 105 million Indians have been vaccinated so far.<\/li>\n<li>Priorities for vaccination in India are based on occupation, age and health conditions.<\/li>\n<li>But the migrant community with no specific definitions based on any criteria, are not on the priority list for vaccination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why Migrant population needs to be added in the priority list for vaccination?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>First, <\/strong>the Migrant Population is more vulnerable to the Covid crisis than any other community. For instance,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>One, Covid crisis has severely impacted their livelihood opportunities. During lockdown, millions of migrant workers lost their jobs, forcing them and their families to poverty.<\/li>\n<li>Two, owing to their informal employment, they lack access to adequate healthcare, nutrition, housing as well as sanitation facilities.<\/li>\n<li>Three, the COVID-19 crisis displaced nearly 200 million migrants.it was the second-largest population displacement since Partition<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Second<\/strong>, despite their informal nature they contribute significantly to the Indian economy. For instance,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Out of 90 percent of work in the informal sector, 75 percent of work comes from migrants. Further, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">vulnerable circular migrants<\/span> manage most of the essential services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Third,<\/strong> lack of access to vaccination will deprive them of employment opportunities. This will result in a drop in developmental indicators such as the health and education of migrant families. The migrant community needs an adequate support system to survive this Pandemic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fourth<\/strong>, further, failure to prioritize their vaccination will result in an economic crisis such as Low productivity, increasing unemployment, and breakdown of the critical informal services.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Welfare measures for the migrant population<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To ensure food security, the government announced a Rs 1.7 lakh crore spending plan for the poor through cash transfers and other measures.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>One, the average daily wages under the MGNREGA were increased to Rs 202 from the earlier Rs 182.<\/li>\n<li>Two, free food grains for 80 million migrant workers through PDS were also announced.<\/li>\n<li>Three, the government-operated separate buses for the stranded migrants.<\/li>\n<li>Four, the Centre issued an order instructing landlords not to demand rent and employers to pay wages without deduction during the lockdown period. (the order regarding payment of wages was later withdrawn)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Issues in welfare measure for migrants\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Despite these efforts, the welfare measures have not been able to effectively address the problems of the migrant population.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One, migrants were u<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">nable to benefit from the food security schemes<\/span>. Because ration cards were area-specific and some fair-price stores were inaccessible during the lockdown. Further, lack of awareness about One Nation, One Ration Card schemes denied them access to free food grains.<\/li>\n<li>Two, the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Supreme Court denied a plea<\/span> requiring payment of the minimum wage to the migrant population. It stated that labourers had already been supplied with free food at the relief camps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 class=\"note1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/police-reforms-needed-to-ensure-political-neutrality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Police Reforms Needed to Ensure Political Neutrality<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G1M8GOQAS.1&amp;imageview=0\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Gs2: Role of Civil Services in a Democracy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>There is a need to ensure a right balance between the government\u2019s role in appointing or removing the police chief and the need to safeguard the Police\u2019s operational autonomy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recently, the State government removed Param Bir Singh (Mumbai Police Commissioner) from his post.<\/li>\n<li>It brings back the focus on the long-overdue reforms require, in the process of appointing and removing police chiefs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>History of recommendations for police reforms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In 1979, <strong>National Police Commission (NPC),<\/strong> suggested for an independent body for the appointment and removal of police chiefs. The rationale was to avoid Political intervention and to maintain independence of the police.<\/li>\n<li>Further, the Supreme Court (SC) of India in its judgment, in <strong>Prakash Singh Case (2006) <\/strong>reaffirmed the<strong> NPC <\/strong>suggestions<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Further, the Supreme court entrusted the <strong>Union Public Service Commission<\/strong> (UPSC) to shortlist candidates. After that, the State government can appoint the police chief from this list.<\/li>\n<li>However, the <strong>Model Police Bill, 2015<\/strong> placed the responsibility of shortlisting candidates on the <strong>State Security Commission<\/strong> (SSCs).\n<ul>\n<li>SSC is a multiparty State Police Board. It consists of government officials, the Leader of the Opposition, independent members from civil society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What reforms are needed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>First, <\/strong>need to ensure <strong>bipartisanship <\/strong>in the appointment of police chiefs. For that, the constitution of the State Security Commission (SSCs) is needed. For instance,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Around 26 States and the Union Territories have established SSCs. However, not a single state adheres to the balanced composition suggested by the SC. Some states do not include the Leader of the Opposition, others do not include independent members.<\/li>\n<li>Also, in as many as 23 States the governments retain the sole discretion of appointing the police chief.<\/li>\n<li>Further, there are concerns over concern over non-functioning SSCs. For example, according to RTI information, only four SSCs have held meetings since 2014.<\/li>\n<li>As a result, the commissions still remain dominated by the political executive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Second,<\/strong> institutionalise an independent and transparent selection process for appointment and removal of police chief based on objective criteria. For instance,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Model Police Act require the SSC to shortlist candidates on some requirements. It includes the length of service, service record, and range of experience, and a performance appraisal of the candidates over the past 10 years.<\/li>\n<li>However, the criteria\u2019s used are more subjective rather than objective. For example, what qualifies as a \u201cgood\u201d range of experience?<\/li>\n<li>Further, there is no scrutiny process to justify removals from tenure posts.<\/li>\n<li>This allows for the use of Subjective terms such as \u201con administrative grounds\u201d or \u201cin the public interest\u201d to justify the removal.<\/li>\n<li>This is against the Supreme Court ruling in <strong> Senkumar vs Union of India case<\/strong>, 2017.<\/li>\n<li>The SC ruled that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">satisfaction of the government\u201d alone is not a sufficient<\/span> ground to justify removal from a tenure post in government. Rather, it needs to be based on verifiable material that can be objectively tested.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What needs to be done?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First, objective<\/strong> benchmarks need to be integrated into decision-making processes, both on appointments and removals. It will prevent politically motivated actions<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Second, <\/strong>learning from UK\u2019s example to improve transparency of the review process<strong>. UK\u2019s \u2018The Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act, 2011\u2019, <\/strong>introduced <strong>public confirmation hearings<\/strong> as an additional layer of check for the appointment of police chiefs.<\/li>\n<li>This provides the police chief an opportunity to respond to the allegations leading to their removal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"SuC652gzMX\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-22-apr-2021\/\">Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | 22 Apr, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | 22 Apr, 2021&#8221; &#8212; Free UPSC IAS Preparation For Aspirants\" src=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-22-apr-2021\/embed\/#?secret=zexmLcpkeW#?secret=SuC652gzMX\" data-secret=\"SuC652gzMX\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs brief for you today Data Revolution and New Global Order Source: Click Here\u00a0 Syllabus: GS 3 &#8211; Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security Synopsis: The Digital Data Revolution will shape the new global order. It would give Asia&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-april-22-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 April 22, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"9pm-brief-template.php","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/9-PM-Brief-1-e1615452440806.png?fit=600%2C335&ssl=1","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103024"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103024\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}