{"id":10408,"date":"2017-10-20T14:21:14","date_gmt":"2017-10-20T08:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=10408"},"modified":"2024-02-21T18:10:35","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T12:40:35","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-october-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-october-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 October 19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Q.1) In March 2017, the Sri Lankan Navy allegedly fired at a group of Indian fishermen who had allegedly crossed over into Sri Lankan waters on the lookout for a fresh catch. Discuss the key fisheries disputes between India and Sri-lanka? What are the possible steps that can be taken by the government of India to resolve the issue? (GS-2)<\/p>\n<p><b>Fisheries disputes between India and Sri-Lanka<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Sovereignty of Kachchatheevu<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The maritime boundary agreements of 1974 and 1976 were concluded by the two governments did not reflect realities on the ground<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ongoing dispute has escalated tensions between those fishermen using traditional methods and those using mechanized methods leading to increase in the infringement of territorial boundaries. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Trespassing<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue of fishermen straying in each other\u2019s territorial waters has come as a potential irritant in the bilateral relations between the neighboring states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A total of 600 fishermen from India were arrested by the Sri Lankan Navy in 2013, a sharp increase compared to the last few years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The entry of \u2018outsiders\u2019 has not only threatened the local customary laws of fishing communities, but also turned several traditional fishermen from owners to laborers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Territorial waters overlap in some areas<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no well-defined boundary line between the two nations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maritime border between the two countries is about 400 kilometers spreading along three different areas:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bay of Bengal in the north,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Palk Bay<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gulf of Mannar in the center and the Indian Ocean in the south.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Palk Bay region, distances between the coasts of the two countries varies between 16 and 45 kms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means territorial waters of each country in some areas strays into the others if 12 nautical mile criteria are strictly applied.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Poaching and Trawling<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overuse of mechanized trawlers in the Palk Bay has further Fueled the dispute over Kachchatheevu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total loss of income to Sri Lanka from poaching by Indian trawlers could amount to 80 lakh Indian rupees to 200 lakh Indian rupees per day and 300 crore Indian rupees to 700 crore Indian rupees per year<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Mechanized v non- mechanized<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main complaint of Sri Lankan fishermen has been against Indian mechanized trawlers that indulge in pair, mid-water, pelagic, and bottom trawling severely damaging marine resources and the sea bed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the trawlers from Tamil Nadu are owned by merchant capitalists from non-fishing and other social backgrounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trawler sector in Tamil Nadu is also politically influential and financially sound making it more obdurate to solutions that could cut down its profit margins.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Steps taken by the government<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Central and Tamil Nadu government has already planned to provide 500 deep-sea fishing boats with long lines and gill nets this year to replace 2,000 trawlers in three years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The solution lies in transition from trawling to deep-sea fishing in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making the use of trawling technique an offence by the Indian government is another solution<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India can try to get back the island of Kachchatheevu on <\/span><b>\u201clease in perpetuity\u201d.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permitting licensed Indian fishermen to fish within a designated area of Sri Lankan waters and vice versa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is an evident need for institutionalization of fisherman in Indian waters by the government of India so that alternative means of livelihood are provided.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government needs to mark up a comprehensive plan to reduce the necessity of Indian fishermen on catch from Palk Bay.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u201cBlue Revolution&#8221; scheme<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Blue Revolution&#8221; scheme, the Centre would allocate Rs 1,500 crore over a period of time for conversion of bottom trawling boats into deep sea liners. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Blue Revolution scheme, Rs 100 crore was allotted and as a Special Financial Package Rs 100 crore was sanctioned by the Centre for this initiative <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the first phase, a total of 500 bottom trawlers will be converted into long liners at the cost of Rs 286 crore, he said adding a total of 2,000 bottom trawlers will be customized as long liners at a cost of Rs 1,621 crore in three phases. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to increase in the infringement of territorial boundaries. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Trespassing<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue of fishermen straying in each other\u2019s territorial waters has come as a potential irritant in the bilateral relations between the neighboring states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A total of 600 fishermen from India were arrested by the Sri Lankan Navy in 2013, a sharp increase compared to the last few years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The entry of \u2018outsiders\u2019 has not only threatened the local customary laws of fishing communities, but also turned several traditional fishermen from owners to laborers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Territorial waters overlap in some areas<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no well-defined boundary line between the two nations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maritime border between the two countries is about 400 kilometers spreading along three different areas:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bay of Bengal in the north,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Palk Bay<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gulf of Mannar in the center and the Indian Ocean in the south.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Palk Bay region, distances between the coasts of the two countries varies between 16 and 45 kms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means territorial waters of each country in some areas strays into the others if 12 nautical mile criteria are strictly applied.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Poaching and Trawling<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overuse of mechanized trawlers in the Palk Bay has further Fueled the dispute over Kachchatheevu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total loss of income to Sri Lanka from poaching by Indian trawlers could amount to 80 lakh Indian rupees to 200 lakh Indian rupees per day and 300 crore Indian rupees to 700 crore Indian rupees per year<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Mechanized v non- mechanized<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main complaint of Sri Lankan fishermen has been against Indian mechanized trawlers that indulge in pair, mid-water, pelagic, and bottom trawling severely damaging marine resources and the sea bed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the trawlers from Tamil Nadu are owned by merchant capitalists from non-fishing and other social backgrounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trawler sector in Tamil Nadu is also politically influential and financially sound making it more obdurate to solutions that could cut down its profit margins.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Steps taken by the government<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Central and Tamil Nadu government has already planned to provide 500 deep-sea fishing boats with long lines and gill nets this year to replace 2,000 trawlers in three years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The solution lies in transition from trawling to deep-sea fishing in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making the use of trawling technique an offence by the Indian government is another solution<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India can try to get back the island of Kachchatheevu on <\/span><b>\u201clease in perpetuity\u201d.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permitting licensed Indian fishermen to fish within a designated area of Sri Lankan waters and vice versa.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is an evident need for institutionalization of fisherman in Indian waters by the government of India so that alternative means of livelihood are provided.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government needs to mark up a comprehensive plan to reduce the necessity of Indian fishermen on catch from Palk Bay.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u201cBlue Revolution&#8221; scheme<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Blue Revolution&#8221; scheme, the Centre would allocate Rs 1,500 crore over a period of time for conversion of bottom trawling boats into deep sea liners. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the Blue Revolution scheme, Rs 100 crore was allotted and as a Special Financial Package Rs 100 crore was sanctioned by the Centre for this initiative <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the first phase, a total of 500 bottom trawlers will be converted into long liners at the cost of Rs 286 crore, he said adding a total of 2,000 bottom trawlers will be customized as long liners at a cost of Rs 1,621 crore in three phases. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Q.2) India\u2019s Defence Secretary Sanjay Mitra three \u2013 day meeting with Michael Fallon, Ministry of Defence U.K, focussed on concrete measures to take forward their Defence partnership by next year. Briefly discuss the the Defence cooperation talks between India and U.S and Make in India push. (GS-2)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s Defence Secretary Sanjay Mitra in his three-day visit met with Michael Fallon, Ministry of Defence(U.K) to hold meetings of the Defence Consultative Group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The visit consolidates India-UK defence cooperation in the framework of the Defence and International Security Partnership (DISP), agreed in November 2015. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Talks of Cooperation<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The defence partnership will encompass cooperation in the defence industry, stronger military to military engagement, including training and joint exercises. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The renewed engagement will place capability and technology development at its core and use the private and public sectors to develop defence solutions for use in home and shared export markets. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Defence ministers will continue to coordinate policies across a range of global security challenges, especially those intended to eliminate international terrorism. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ministers agreed to further strengthen their naval interactions, including enhanced Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) to exchange information to track terrorists and pirate vessels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two ministers recognised the potential for further cooperation in defence manufacturing between the UK and Indian companies under \u2018Make in India\u2019. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent announcements were made including the MOU between Bharat Dynamics and Thales UK on technology transfer opportunities for missile systems. And to develop an Advanced Hawk jet trainer jointly by the BAE Systems and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both nations will explore establishing a secure communications method to share classified material. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two ministers recognised the need for stronger R&amp;D cooperation, including access to Defence R&amp;D training. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Make in India push<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India puts the defence sector as one of the major areas where the bilateral partnership could be expanded around the \u201cMake in India\u201d campaign.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During Mr. Modi\u2019s visit in 2015, the two sides agreed to move towards a new Defence and International Security Partnership that would \u201cintensify cooperation on defence and security, including cybersecurity, and maritime security\u201d pushing for joint working in key strategic areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is hoping that U.K. firms participate in \u2018Make in India\u2019 process thus strengthening the strategic partnership exercise between the two countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>India \u2013 U.K Defence Cooperation<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cooperation in defence sector is another important pillar of bilateral cooperation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At all the three services level, joint exercises and wide ranging exchanges between the three services are conducted regularly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The last Army Joint Exercise \u2018Ajeya Warrior\u2019 was held in the UK from 7-28 June, 2015. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Air force participated in the Exercise \u2018Indradhanush-IV\u2019 in the UK from 21 July \u2013 1 August, 2015. The Joint Navy Exercise \u2018Konkan 2017\u2019 was held in May 2017 at Plymouth in the UK that witnessed participation by INS Tarkash.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During Prime Minister\u2019s visit to UK in November 2015, the two countries agreed to elevate their Defence relationship by establishing capability partnerships in strategic areas through which we will work together across the spectrum of doctrine, training and other elements upon which military effectiveness depends.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The institutionalized dialogue to discuss defence cooperation viz. Defence Consultative Group Meeting, is held annually at Defence Secretary level. The 17th DCG meeting was held on 15-16 November 2016 in New Delhi. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Q.3) Why is Weather forecasting important? Discuss India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian satellites involved in weather forecasting. (GS-1)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The purpose of a weather forecast is to provide as accurate as possible prediction of what the weather will be like in the near future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Why is weather forecasting important?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weather forecasting is important to most aspects of day to day life, including aviation, boating, other modes of transportation, farming, tourism, sports, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weather is a natural phenomenon and it can only be studied using predictions based on regular pattern.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In absence of accurate weather forecasts there are high chances of damage to life and property. The certainty helps people to be aware of the calamities approaching.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The more warning people have the better they can prepare and the least likely they are to die due to such natural disasters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pilots need to know the weather to plan their flights, sailors need to know what the weather will be like to plan their activities, and farmers need to know what the weather will be like to help them plan watering, fertilizer and pesticide application, and harvest activities, to name a few.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>India Meteorological Department (IMD) and it\u2019s functioning<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian meteorological department also referred to as MET department is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is headquartered at Pune and operates observation centres at various other places.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>INDIAN SATELLITES INVOLVED IN WEATHER FORECAST<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Weather satellites:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two basic types of weather satellites: those in geostationary orbits and those in polar orbits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Geostationary satellites<\/i><\/b><b>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">these satellites orbit very high above the earth at an altitude of 35,800 km and take the same time to orbit the earth as the earth takes to revolve once. From earth, therefore, the satellite appears to stay still always above the same region all the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These satellites give \u2018real-time\u2019 images and hence, a series of photographs from these satellites can be displayed in a sequence to show cloud movement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Polar orbit satellites<\/i><\/b><b>: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This type of satellite orbits in a path that closely follows the Earth\u2019s meridian lines, passing over the north and south poles once each revolution. These circle at a much lower altitude at about 850 km. This means that they can photograph clouds from a much closer level and provide more detailed information about violent storms and cloud systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uses:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiation measurement from earth surface<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fishermen can find out valuable information about the temperature of the sea from measurements of these satellites.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infrared sensors on satellites can monitor crop conditions, areas of deforestation and regions of drought.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ice-mapping, snow storms in the Arctic and Antarctica and the mountain chains-Monitoring of Global Warming<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observation of Auroras<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water and air pollution can be pinpointed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oil spills can be detected.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Weather Satellites in India (those in service):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSAT system: the Indian National Satellite system was commissioned with the launch of INSAT-1B in 1983 and ushered in a revolution in India\u2019s television, radio and meterological broadcasting. Of the 24 satellites so far launched, 11 are still in operation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSAT-3C<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSAT-3D<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">INSAT-3E<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KALPANA-1<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MEGHA-TROPIQUE<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives\u00a0 Q.1) In March 2017, the Sri Lankan Navy allegedly fired at a group of Indian fishermen who had allegedly crossed over into Sri Lankan waters on the lookout for a fresh catch. Discuss the key fisheries disputes between India and Sri-lanka? What are the possible steps that can be taken by the government of&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-october-19\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 October 19<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704774896},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10408\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}