{"id":107267,"date":"2021-05-18T11:01:15","date_gmt":"2021-05-18T05:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=107267"},"modified":"2021-05-19T11:13:21","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T05:43:21","slug":"systemic-issues-affecting-womens-participation-in-labour-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/systemic-issues-affecting-womens-participation-in-labour-market\/","title":{"rendered":"Systemic Issues affecting Women\u2019s Participation in labour Market"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Synopsis<\/strong>: The burden on Women during the Pandemic increased disproportionately due to Societal norms, a male-dominated job market, and a lack of gender-sensitive policy making. This article provides a solution to address these issues.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Background<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gender inequality<\/strong> in terms of employment is high in India. For instance, only 18% of working-age women were employed as compared to 75% of men.<\/li>\n<li>Lack of good jobs, <strong>restrictive social norms<\/strong>, and the <strong>burden of household work<\/strong> are the main reasons for this widening Gender divide in employment.<\/li>\n<li>After the Pandemic, the <strong>Gender gap in employment<\/strong> has further widened. Women workers, in particular, have borne a disproportionate burden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>What factors are affecting Women\u2019s participation in labour market?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The data from the Centre<strong> for Monitoring Indian Economy<\/strong>\u00a0has revealed the following.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First,<\/strong> during the lockdown, job losses were disproportionately high for women as compared to men. The reasons were,\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Job security for men is high<\/strong>: 61% of male workers were unaffected during the lockdown while only 19% of women experienced this kind of security.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Male-dominated work culture<\/strong>: 47% of employed women who had lost jobs during the lockdown, had not returned to work whereas it was only 7%, in the case of Men.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Further, <\/strong>Despite the nature of Industry, Women lost a greater number of Jobs compared to Men. For instance, in the education and Health industry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>More fallback options for men<\/strong>: Between 2019-2020, 33% of formal salaried men moved into self-employment and 9% into daily wage work. In contrast, only 4% and 3% of formal salaried women moved into self-employment and daily wage work.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Burden of care<\/strong>: This is one of the major reasons for poor employment recovery among Women.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second,<\/strong> during the lockdown, women\u2019s domestic work increased manifold. According to the <strong>India Working Survey 2020, <\/strong>among employed men, the number of hours spent on paid work remained more or less unchanged after the pandemic.\n<ul>\n<li>But for women, the number of hours spent in domestic work increased manifold. This increase in hours came without any accompanying relief in the hours spent on paid work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>What needs to be done?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First, increase employment opportunities. <\/strong>The state can do it by following ways:\n<ul>\n<li>Expanding the <strong>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act<\/strong> (MGNREGA)<\/li>\n<li>Introduction of an urban employment guarantee targeted towards women.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Setting up of community kitchens.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Prioritizing the opening of schools and Anganwadi centers <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Engagement with self-help groups for the production of personal protective equipment kits<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second, direct income support. <\/strong>A COVID-19 hardship allowance of \u20b95,000 per month for six months can be announced for 2.5 million <strong>accredited social health activists<\/strong> and Anganwadi workers, most of whom are women.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Third, Policy support to address issues related to Women workforce.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The National Employment Policy<\/strong>\u00a0should systematically address the issues related to the availability of work and household responsibilities.<\/li>\n<li>Envisioning <strong>universal basic services Programme<\/strong>. It not only fills existing vacancies in the social sector but also expands public investments in health, education, child and elderly care.<\/li>\n<li>It can also alleviate Women&#8217;s problems such as nutritional and educational deficits and domestic work burdens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GOK8J8SCH.1&amp;imageview=0\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Synopsis: The burden on Women during the Pandemic increased disproportionately due to Societal norms, a male-dominated job market, and a lack of gender-sensitive policy making. This article provides a solution to address these issues. Background Gender inequality in terms of employment is high in India. For instance, only 18% of working-age women were employed as&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/systemic-issues-affecting-womens-participation-in-labour-market\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Systemic Issues affecting Women\u2019s Participation in labour Market<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,1351,1310,9],"tags":[1303,1396],"class_list":["post-107267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-daily-news","category-daily-news-updates","category-public","tag-eco_8","tag-soc_5","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":1700792447,"cached_date":1704820175},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107267\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}