{"id":110808,"date":"2021-06-05T19:21:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-05T13:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=110808"},"modified":"2021-06-05T19:27:38","modified_gmt":"2021-06-05T13:57:38","slug":"model-tenancy-act-need-and-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/model-tenancy-act-need-and-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Model Tenancy Act: Need and Challenges &#8211; Explained, pointwise."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h5><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister has approved the <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/cabinet-approves-model-tenancy-act\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Model Tenancy Act<\/a> and circulated it to all States\/Union Territories. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs had earlier released the draft guidelines in July 2019. The Act aims to <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/model-tenancy-act-will-rebuild-trust-between-owners-and-tenants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>bridge the trust deficit between tenants and landlords<\/strong><\/a> by clearly delineating their obligations. It aims to create a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">vibrant, sustainable, and inclusive rental housing market in the country<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the success of the act depends upon the ground level realisation of the notified provisions. Further, it is not binding on states as Land is a state subject under List 2 of the Seventh Schedule. Therefore, optimum benefits would be generated only when states adopt the act in letter and spirit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Salient features of the Model Tenancy Act<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Mandatory Rent Agreement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The act makes it mandatory to create a written lawful rent agreement between the owner and tenant.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Rent Authority<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Act requires establishing rent authorities in every district to regulate renting of premises.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both the landlord and tenant will have to submit a copy of the rent agreement to the district Rent Authority.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proposed authority will also provide a speedy adjudication mechanism for the resolution of disputes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Tribunal and Courts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It calls for creating dedicated tribunals and courts for dealing with tenancy related disputes.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Security Deposit:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The act puts <\/span><b>a cap <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on the amount of security deposit. It will be a maximum of <\/span><b>two months<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of rent in case of residential premises and <\/span><b>six months<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in case of non-residential premises.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Subletting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The act bars tenants from subletting the property in part or whole.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Vacating Rental Premises:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It says that if a landlord has fulfilled all the conditions stated in the rent agreement, then the tenant has to vacate the premises.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the tenant fails to vacate the premises, then the landlord is entitled to double the monthly rent for the first two months and four times after that.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Increase in Rent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The rent can be revised according to the terms and conditions mentioned in the agreement. If there is no such agreement, the landowner will have to give a 3 months notice to the tenant before revising the rent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Coverage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Act will apply to premises rented for residential, commercial, or educational use but not for industrial use. It also won\u2019t cover hotels, lodging, etc. This model law will be applied prospectively and will not affect existing tenancies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Need of the Model Tenancy Act<\/b><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Obsolete Laws: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current tenancy regime is governed by the decades-old<strong> Rent Control Act, 1948<\/strong> and its varied versions adopted by the state governments.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These obsolete laws are <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">more biased towards the tenant<\/span> and were made with the sole intention of preventing exploitation of tenants by landlords.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, many of the old laws have <strong>not amended in over two decades<\/strong>, ensuring that the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">rent ceiling remains capped<\/span> at the levels prevalent in the<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> late 90s<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Institutionalise the Rental Market: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, the<strong> rental market is largely informal<\/strong> in nature. The rents are raised anytime, summary eviction of tenants is quite common. Sometimes the malicious tenants are seen <strong>illegally occupying the rented property<\/strong>. All this would be curtailed by the enactment of the new act as it forbids verbal rental agreements.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Better Grievance Redressal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The establishment of a rent authority in every district and provision for rent courts\/tribunals will enable quick and efficient settlement of disputes. The current process of dispute settlement through traditional courts is very long and expensive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Encourage Renting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 As per Census 2011, <\/span><b>nearly 1.1 crore houses were lying vacant in urban areas across the country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The act gives sufficient rights to landowners, which may encourage greater renting and reduce homelessness.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, the act will <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/model-tenancy-law-to-help-attract-institutional-investments-in-rental-housing-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>encourage the private sector to develop housing projects <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for rent purposes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In India, the rental yield for residential property is quite low, even in bigger cities. It is in the range of 1.5% to 3% of the capital values due to obsolete laws.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Preventing Unnecessary Financial Burden: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The act places a cap of two months on the security deposit. This reduces financial strain on tenants and encourages more renting.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, the <strong>security deposit in Mumbai and Bengaluru can reach 6-8 times<\/strong> the monthly rent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Respecting the privacy of the Tenant: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The landlords in India have a <strong>habit of entering the rented property<\/strong> as per their will. It violates the tenant&#8217;s Right to Privacy under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. But now a notice of 24 hours needs to be given before entering.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Minimise creation of Unauthorised Colonies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: As renting would be made safer and easier, therefore people would be <strong>disincentivized to live in slums and unauthorised colonies<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><b>Challenges with the Model Tenancy Act<\/b><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Non-Binding nature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Land and Urban Development is a state subject<\/span>. The states may or may not adopt the proposed law, as done by them in the case of <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/real-estate-regulation-act-rera-a-critical-evaluation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Prospective effect:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The new model act would have a prospective effect. This means it would be applicable to future disputes only, hence past disputes would continue to linger on for years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Inadequate Security Cover<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Security Cap for two months may not be enough to cover damages, especially during the last month when tenants adjust their rent in the security deposit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Lacunae in the formation of the Act:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The act fails to properly define the term \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moneycontrol.com\/news\/business\/real-estate\/model-tenancy-act-how-will-it-help-how-will-it-be-implemented-and-other-questions-answered-6980011.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>habitation<\/strong><\/a>\u2019. Further, it fails to mention the penalty if the owner delays in paying back the security deposit. Also, it is altogether silent on sudden leave and license arrangements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><b>Suggestions<\/b><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States must immediately adopt the Model Tenancy act as per their peculiar needs. However, they should refrain from diluting the true spirit of the act like the <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/west-bengal-housing-industry-regulation-act-wb-hira-is-unconstitutional-sc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Bengal did it with WB HIRA<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, they can allow retrospective application of the act for some specific set of cases in order to expedite the grievance redressal process.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">States will have to invest time and resources to set up rent authorities, rent tribunals and rent courts for effective implementation of the Model Tenancy Act.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government has laid a good framework that balances the social welfare of tenants and the economic interests of landlords. The states now just need to adopt the Model Tenancy Act as per their peculiar requirements. This will help them in releasing the dream of Housing for All by 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister has approved the Model Tenancy Act and circulated it to all States\/Union Territories. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs had earlier released the draft guidelines in July 2019. The Act aims to bridge the trust deficit between tenants and landlords by clearly delineating their obligations.&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/model-tenancy-act-need-and-challenges\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Model Tenancy Act: Need and Challenges &#8211; Explained, pointwise.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[130,1243,9],"tags":[1409],"class_list":["post-110808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-7-pm","category-act-and-schemes-new","category-public","tag-eco_5","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110808"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110808\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}