{"id":113816,"date":"2021-06-19T21:00:54","date_gmt":"2021-06-19T15:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=113816"},"modified":"2024-02-22T14:58:52","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T09:28:52","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-june-19-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-june-19-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 June 19, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Good evening dear reader<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm <strong>current affairs June 19<\/strong> brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/marriage-rights-of-the-lgbtqia-community\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marriage Rights of the LGBTQIA+ community<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GKM8MA63D.1&amp;imageview=0\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>GS2: Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the population by the Centre and States<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Synopsis<\/strong>: India needs to look beyond the traditional concept of marriages to recognise marriages irrespective of gender identity and sexual orientation. Thus, India can recognise the marriage rights of the LGBTQIA+ community.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recently, a case related <strong>to the <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/lgbt-community-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">question of same-sex marriages<\/a><\/strong> came up before the High Court of Delhi.<\/li>\n<li>But the Union Government requested the court to adjourn it on the ground that it is not urgent during the second wave of COVID-19 cases.<\/li>\n<li>Court and the government ignored the suffering of the community without the legal protection of marital relationships.<\/li>\n<li>In India, marriages are observed under <strong>personal laws. <\/strong>Such as the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872, Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, Same-sex and queer marriages are not legally recognised in India.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f0e4e4;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 803px;\">Read More: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/madras-high-court-guidelines-for-mainstreaming-lgbtiqa-community\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Madras High Court guidelines for mainstreaming LGBTIQA+ community<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>How marriage rights of the LGBTQIA+ community evolved globally?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>South Africa: <\/strong>In 2005 South African court held that the common law definition of marriage i.e. \u201ca union of one man with one woman\u201d is inconsistent.\n<ul>\n<li>As a result of the verdict, the Civil Union Act, 2006 was enacted which enabled the voluntary union of two persons above 18 years of age.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Australia, the reforms by Honourable Michael Kirby in 2007: <\/strong>the Federal Government enacted the Same-Sex Relationships Act 2008 to provide equal entitlements for same-sex couples in matters of social security, employment and taxation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 of England<\/strong>: It enabled same-sex couples to marry in civil ceremonies or with religious rites.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obergefell vs Hodges case, USA<\/strong>: In 2015, the Supreme Court decided that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f2e1e1;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/need-to-ban-the-conversion-therapy-of-the-lgbtqia-community\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Need to ban the Conversion therapy of the LGBTQIA+ community<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Judgements in India recognising marriage rights of the LGBTQIA+ community:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In India also, there is judicial guidance available to recognize same sex marriages.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Arunkumarand Sreeja vs The Inspector General of Registration and Ors, 2019<\/strong>: The High Court of Madras interpretated the term \u2018bride\u2019 under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and expanded its scope.\n<ul>\n<li>It says a \u2018bride\u2019 includes transwomen and intersex persons identifying as women.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, a marriage between a male and a transwoman can be valid under the Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shafin Jahan vs Asokan K.M. and Others AIR 2018 (Hadiya case):<\/strong> The Court upheld that the right to choose and marry a partner comes under right to freedom.\n<ul>\n<li>Court also observed that marriage lie within a core zone of privacy and society has no role to play in determining our choice of partners.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It shows that <strong>bar to same-sex and queer marriages are violative of Articles 14, 15 and 21<\/strong> of the Constitution of India. Further, the concept of marriage that it is a bond between \u201ca biological man and a biological woman\u201d <strong>can not be defended.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Way forward:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The marriage laws must be expanded to include all gender and sexual identities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reform in the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955<\/strong> is needed to bring self-respect marriages under its domain.\n<ul>\n<li>Self-respect Marriages were legalised in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry through amendments to the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.\n<ul>\n<li>Self-respect marriages have done away with priests and religious symbols such as fire or saptapadi. Instead, the solemnisation of self-respect marriages only requires an exchange of rings or garlands or tying of the mangalsutra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It will help in breaking caste-based and gender-based practices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The recognition of the unequal laws discriminating against the LGBTQIA+ community and rectifying them is the need of the hour to make the world more inclusive and equal.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/problems-with-discoms-need-radical-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Problems with discoms need radical reforms<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/cash-strapped-power-distribution-companies-need-radical-intervention-not-another-financial-aid-package-7365477\/\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: <strong>GS3 &#8211; <\/strong>Changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synopsis:<\/strong> To completely recover from problems with Discoms , India needs radical reforms in the Power sector. Financial aid packages from Centre to Discoms forms only a part of a solution.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Background<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>For long, the scenario has been that the Centre has to step in to aid Discoms and tackle the problems plaguing the distribution side of the power sector.<\/li>\n<li>However, the results of such interventions have not yielded any significant improvements in the health of Discoms.<\/li>\n<li>The analysis of the performance of <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-is-uday-scheme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY)<\/strong><\/a> reveals the same.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Analysis of the performance of UDAY and Problems with Discoms<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>UDAY scheme was introduced by the centre to bring financial Turnaround, Operational improvement of Discoms. Further, it aims to reduce the cost of generation of power, to facilitate the development of Renewable Energy and Energy efficiency &amp; conservation.<\/li>\n<li>Though some states witnessed an improvement in their financial and operational indicators, it wasn\u2019t sustained. There has been a sharp <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answereddiscuss-the-objectives-of-ujjwal-discom-assurance-yojana-uday-critically-examine-its-success-and-failures\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deterioration in several parameters after the UDAY scheme<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>First,<\/strong> The UDAY scheme had envisaged bringing down these losses to 15% by 2019.\n<ul>\n<li>However, as per data on the UDAY dashboard, the<strong> (Aggregate Technical &amp; Commercial)<\/strong> AT&amp;C losses currently stand at 21.7% at the all-India level.<\/li>\n<li>In the case of the low-income north and central-eastern states Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh the losses are considerably higher.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second,<\/strong> The UDAY scheme had envisaged eliminating the gap between power costs and revenue by now.\n<ul>\n<li>However, the gap between power costs and revenue stands at Rs 0.49 per unit due to the absence of regular and commensurate tariff hikes.<\/li>\n<li>In the high-income southern states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, this gap between costs and revenues is significantly higher.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Also read<\/strong>:<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong> <a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answereddiscuss-the-problems-faced-by-the-power-sector-in-india-suggest-some-measures-to-tackle-these-problems\/\">Problems faced by power sector in India<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><strong>What are the reasons for the problems with discoms?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lack of metering: <\/strong>Minimizing the AT&amp;C losses is critical to improve the operational efficiency of Discoms.\n<ul>\n<li>However, even six years after UDAY was launched, various levels in the distribution chain (the feeder, the distribution transformer (DT) and the consumer) have not been fully metered.<\/li>\n<li>As a result, it difficult to isolate and identify loss-making areas and take corrective action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Decrease in revenue generation owing to the Pandemic<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Revenue from industrial and commercial users is used to cross-subsidize other consumers.<\/li>\n<li>However, owing to the Pandemic the demands from industrial and commercial users is falling. This leads to stress on discom finances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong><strong>bsence of political consensus at the state level to raise tariffs: <\/strong>Many states report losses as they could not eliminate the gap between power costs and revenue.\n<ul>\n<li>For instance, recently, Opposition parties in Karnataka recently protested against a tariff hike of 30 paise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The Centre\u2019s <strong>\u201cElectricity for all\u201d programme have contributed to greater inefficiency<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Because, to support higher levels of electrification, cost structures need to be reworked. Similarly, the distribution network (transformers, wires, etc) need to be augmented. In the absence of such measures, losses are bound to rise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Suggestions to address the problems with discoms<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>One, the creation of a <strong>national power distribution company<\/strong> to ensure procurement of electricity at competitive prices.<\/li>\n<li>Two, <strong>deduct discom dues<\/strong>, owed to both public and private power generating companies, from state balances. After that, the RBI can force states to take the necessary steps to fix discom finances.<\/li>\n<li>Three, <strong>linking additional state borrowings<\/strong> to the completion of distribution reforms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/designing-a-robust-vaccination-policy-for-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vaccination policy of India &#8211; Issues &amp; Suggestions<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GKM8MA637.1&amp;imageview=0\"><b>Click here<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Syllabus: GS 3<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Synopsis: <\/b>The vaccination\u00a0policy of India <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">should maintain a balance between the achievement of health goals and demands of supply constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Introduction\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vaccines are a proven shield against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They have prevented serious illness and death. A study of data from the UK collected between December 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, showed that the <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/single-dose-of-vaccine-cant-control-delta-variant-global-study-on-vaccines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AstraZeneca vaccine had an effectiveness of 64% after one dose<\/a> and 79% after two doses, in protecting against severe illness and death.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Effectiveness of AstraZeneca vaccine<\/strong>: A report by Public Health England showed that the AstraZeneca vaccine had an effectiveness of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">71% after one dose<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">92% after two doses<\/span> in guarding against hospitalization due to the delta variant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Effectiveness of COVISHIELD in India<\/strong>: The first report of vaccine effectiveness from India, told an analysis of 8,991 staff who had been vaccinated between January 21, 2021, and April 30, 2021, mostly with Covishield. The protective effect of vaccination was <strong>92%<\/strong> against the need for oxygen and <strong>94%<\/strong> against the need for intensive care.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>No deaths were reported,<\/strong> but about 10% of those who had received one or two doses were infected. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These data from the United Kingdom and India show that the <strong>Covishield vaccine is working against the delta variant.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>What are the issues with the current vaccination policy of India?<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Too much focus on herd immunity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. When vaccines seemed to be somewhere in the future with doubts over timing or supply, discussions on the pandemic focused on \u2018herd immunity\u2019 <em>(the percentage of the population that needed to be infected or vaccinated in order to slow the spread of infection)<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The opening of age tiers led to issues of supply.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A road map of the availability of vaccines and their supply to individual States is not clear.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Swedish strategy of limited restrictions and the Great Barrington declaration attracted much criticism. Many<\/span><b> scientific commentators considered it is cruel to follow a strategy that meant that a lot of people would get infected with the virus.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Anti-science statements made by some people have led to a situation where the public is confused<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as to how best to cope with the coronavirus. Uncertainty on vaccine availability, doubt, fear, anxiety and depression are widespread.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Also read<\/strong><\/span>: <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/explained-what-exactly-is-herd-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is herd immunity?<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><strong>Suggestions to improve vaccination policy of India<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different needs at different levels require policy approaches that balance the achievement of health and societal goals with the potential impact and the needs of supply constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vaccinating a large number of people: <\/b>The strategy needs to achieve maximum impact. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We need to vaccinate a large proportion of the population and extend it at a later stage to children to both prevent disease and slow spread.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Plan for children as well: <\/b>T<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he advent of the delta variant made it clear that the previous plan to vaccinate a smaller part of the population is not right, and reaching up to 85% of the population might be required. <\/span><b>This means that along with all adults, we should be planning for children as well to achieve <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/universal-vaccination-in-india-challenges-and-way-forward-explained-pointwise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Universal Vaccination<\/a>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><strong>Vaccinating the high-risk group first<\/strong>: W<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e must vaccinate those most at risk from serious illness and death first based on the principles of public health. The high rates of previous waves in India may make it possible to immunize a large part of our population with a single dose, at least initially.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ensuring expansive reach of the vaccine<\/strong>: The vaccine should reach every village. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Community leaders should be empowered with information and tools to broadcast the message that the vaccine saves lives.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central government has <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/challenges-in-vaccine-procurement-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">centralized vaccine purchase<\/a>, but it must revisit the private sector allocation and give distribution to States, providing support when requested. The <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/cowin-grand-challenge-cowin-platform-and-cowin-app\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoWIN app<\/a> must not be a limiting factor in access to the vaccine.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>An adaptive vaccination policy<\/strong>: The vaccination policy must be adapted quickly to changing circumstances.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> We must create models to find a suitable vaccination strategy for younger populations.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If cases are climbing in a particular region, we should direct vaccine doses there to protect as much of the population. <strong>High vaccination coverage in cities may protect rural areas<\/strong>. The Government must trust its citizens and share the information as it is a notable aspect of the pandemic.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/need-of-transparency-in-covid-related-policies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Open sharing of the data<\/strong><\/a>: The Government must trust its citizens and share the information that is solely available to it. A notable aspect of the pandemic is the absence of credible data from the government. This has led to speculative ideas based on poor or poorly understood information and misinformation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion<br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Addressing the pandemic must include a strategy that ensures maximum impact. This can be done with an expansive vaccination policy that adapts itself on the go and covers the needs of every section of our society.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/settling-claims-of-rival-factions-in-a-party-symbol-dispute\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Settling claims of rival factions in a party symbol dispute<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/how-are-the-claims-of-rival-factions-in-a-political-party-settled-7365466\/\">Indian Express<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>: GS2 &#8211; Functions and Responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synopsis<\/strong>: How Election Commission decides on party symbol disputes?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recently, there has been a split within the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) and both the factions are claiming for the same party symbol.<\/li>\n<li>In the case of deciding the recognized party among rival factions, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has the final say.<\/li>\n<li>ECI has been empowered with quasi-judicial powers under <strong>section 15 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>How Election Commission decides on party symbol disputes?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Approach EC: <\/strong>The EC <strong>can not take suo motu cognizance<\/strong> of such cases. It can act only when at least one party approaches it with its claim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evidence produced: <\/strong>Once a claim has been raised with EC, it starts the proceedings by giving notice to the other faction to give its version. Both parties are asked to <strong>produce evidence<\/strong> in support of their claim, accompanied by affidavits<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scrutiny by EC<\/strong>: The commission will scrutinize whether, there are rival sections or groups of a recognized political party as claimed based on the information it possesses. If the commission is satisfied that there exist rival factions within a political party then it decides which faction is a recognized party.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Test of majority<\/strong>: The EC employs<strong> \u2018the test of majority\u2019 <\/strong>principle to decide the recognized party<strong>.<\/strong> The EC looks at the strength of each group, in the party\u2019s organization and in the legislatures.\n<ul>\n<li>In case EC is not able to determine the strength of rival groups based on support within the party organization, it resorts to testing the majority among elected MPs and MLAs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Binding decision<\/strong>: The decision of the Commission is binding and on all such rivals\u2019 sections or groups.<\/li>\n<li>In 1997 the EC introduced a new rule under which while one faction got the party symbol, the other had to register itself as a separate party.\n<ul>\n<li>The national or state party status of the new formation would be determined only on the basis of its performance in state or central elections after registration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #333333; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Also read<\/strong><\/span><\/span>: <strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/power-of-election-commission-of-india\/\">Power of Election Commission of India<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><strong>Judicial position on the issue<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Many of the cases of split in political parties have landed in the Supreme Court. The most significant case was that of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1969 where the Supreme Court <strong>upheld the order of the ECI<\/strong> applying the test of majority <em>(Sadiq Ali vs ECI, 1972)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>It was a milestone judgment for the Election Commission as the <strong>apex court upheld the constitutional validity of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968<\/strong>, giving an executive order the status of subordinate legislation.<\/li>\n<li>SC stated that<em> &#8216;The Commission, in resolving this dispute, does not decide as to which group represents the party, but <strong>which group is that party<\/strong>&#8216;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Supreme Court has, time and again, upheld the test of majority in the Symbols Order to be a \u201cvaluable and relevant test\u201d to decide a dispute between rival groups within a \u201cdemocratic organization\u201d like a recognized political party.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"rgtgPSNouA\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-19-june-2021\/\">Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | 19 June, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Factly :-News Articles For UPSC Prelims | 19 June, 2021&#8221; &#8212; Free UPSC IAS Preparation For Aspirants\" src=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/factly-news-articles-for-upsc-prelims-19-june-2021\/embed\/#?secret=olrIlpNqMd#?secret=rgtgPSNouA\" data-secret=\"rgtgPSNouA\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs June 19 brief for you today Marriage Rights of the LGBTQIA+ community Source: The Hindu \u00a0GS2: Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the population by the Centre and States Synopsis: India needs to look beyond the traditional concept of marriages to recognise marriages irrespective&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-june-19-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 June 19, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"9pm-brief-template.php","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[8032,1542,8033],"class_list":["post-113816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-daily-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-upsc-current-affairs","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/9-PM-Brief-1-e1615452440806.png?fit=600%2C335&ssl=1","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113816"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113816\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}