{"id":114210,"date":"2021-06-22T21:00:32","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T15:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=114210"},"modified":"2024-02-22T14:55:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T09:25:53","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-june-22-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-june-22-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 June 22, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader<\/p>\n<p>Here is our 9pm current affairs June 22 brief for you today<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\r\n<p><strong>About 9 PM Brief<\/strong>- With the <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9 PM Daily Current affairs for UPSC brief we intend<\/span> to simplify the newspaper reading experience. In 9PM briefs, we provide our reader with a summary of all the important articles and editorials from three important newspapers namely The Hindu, Indian Express, and Livemint. This will provide you with analysis, broad coverage, and factual information from a Mains examination point of view.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>About Factly<\/strong>- The Factly initiative covers all the daily news articles regarding Preliminary examination. This will be provided at the end of the 9 PM Brief.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dear Aspirants,<\/p>\r\n<p>We know for a fact that learning without evaluation is a wasted effort. Therefore, we request you to please go through both our initiatives i.e 9PM Briefs and Factly, then evaluate yourself through the 10PM Current Affairs Quiz.<\/p>\r\n<p>We plan to integrate all our free daily initiatives to comprehensively support your success journey.<br \/><strong>Happy Learning!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/women-as-temple-priests-an-idea-whose-time-has-come\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW117778812\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW117778812\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Women as temple priests: An idea whose time has\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW117778812\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">come.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP BCX0 SCXW117778812\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/women-as-temple-priests-an-idea-whose-time-has-come-7369627\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:\u00a0Role of women and women\u2019s organization,\u00a0Social\u00a0empowerment<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tags: Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, Temple\u00a0Entry\u00a0Movement<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Minister PK Sekar Babu\u2019s remark that women could be appointed priests in the 35,000-odd temples in the state is long overdue.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Two major criticisms against the entry of women<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0a)\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The\u00a0fear of women\u00a0coming in contact with\u00a0men<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, and\u00a0b)\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">notions of purity and pollution<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, especially associated with menstruation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reasons to\u00a0open\u00a0temples to women priests:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"37\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Raj Kali Kuer vs Ram Rattan Pandey 1955\u00a0case<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0This judgment notes that many priestly offices in Indian temples were hereditary. The Supreme Court held that\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">women have the right to succeed to religious office.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"37\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The authority of men, or of Brahmins, to conduct rituals is not\u00a0vested\u00a0in any\u00a0religious texts including\u00a0Srimad\u00a0Bhagvad.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"37\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Completing the Bhakti revolution:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The single biggest achievement of the Bhakti movement is elevating the dignity of the emotion among the public and\u00a0marginalizing\u00a0the ritual conformism of\u00a0Brahmanism. So, the\u00a0Opening up\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">inner\u00a0sanctum\u00a0ritual to all people\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">is in line with completing the Bhakti revolution<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusion:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Now it is time for\u00a0not only Hinduism, but also for\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">all other religions to liberate religion from\u00a0patriarchy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-state-of-indias-poor-must-be-acknowledged\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">The<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">state<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">I<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">ndia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">&#8216;<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">poor<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">must<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">be<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">acknowledged.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP BCX0 SCXW180638150\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:\u00a0Issues relating to poverty and hunger<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tags:\u00a0poverty, poverty line calculation, mass poverty, poverty estimation<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-state-of-indias-poor-must-be-acknowledged\/article34895792.ece\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Trend of rising poverty\u00a0in India\u00a0&#8211; middle class sliding into poverty amid Covid \u2013 19\u00a0pandemic.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Trends\u00a0signifying\u00a0India\u2019s\u00a0slide into\u00a0poverty.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On\u00a0ranking\u00a0of median\u00a0income,\u00a0India\u00a0stood\u00a0at\u00a099\u00a0among\u00a0131 countries.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">With a median income of $616 per annum, it was the lowest among\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">BRICS<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and fell in the\u00a0lower-middle-income\u00a0country bracket.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A\u00a0decline\u00a0for the first time since 1972 \u2013 1973\u00a0in the monthly per capita consumption expenditure\u00a0in\u00a0FY\u00a0\u00a02017-18.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India\u00a0downgraded\u00a0on the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Global\u00a0Hunger Index<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to \u2018serious\u00a0hunger\u2019\u00a0category.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India\u2019s\u00a0own health census data or the recently concluded\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">National Family Health Survey or NFHS-5,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0which had worrying markers of increased malnutrition, infant\u00a0mortality,\u00a0and maternal\u00a0health.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bangladesh recently achieved a high per capita income\u00a0($280 higher)\u00a0than India. This\u00a0must also be a reason for Indians to introspect.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India has also slid\u00a0on the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">sustainable development goals index<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(by at least two ranks last month)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 2019, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">global Multidimensional Poverty Index<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0reported that India lifted 271 million citizens out of poverty between 2006 and 2016. Since then, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">International Monetary Fund, Hunger Watch,\u00a0SWAN\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and several other surveys show a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">definite slide<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In March, the Pew Research Center with the World Bank data estimated that \u2018the number of poor in India,\u00a0on the basis of\u00a0an income of $2 per day or less in purchasing\u00a0power parity, has\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">more than doubled to 134\u00a0million from 60 million in just a year\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">due to the pandemic-induced recession\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 2020, India contributed\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">57.3% of the growth of the global poor<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. India contributed to 59.3% of the global middle class that slid into poverty.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All of\u00a0the above indicators show rising poverty in India. However,\u00a0poverty line debate in India is still an unsettled one.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why this slide into poverty should be a cause of worry for India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This is certainly a cause of concern.\u00a0India since independence for 25 years (1951 \u2013 1974) saw a\u00a0continuous\u00a0increase in poverty.\u00a0The population of the poor increased from 47% to 56%\u2019.\u00a0There has been\u00a0an\u00a0uninterrupted battle against poverty since the 1970s.\u00a0Recent\u00a0trends\u00a0show\u00a0India is again a \u201ccountry of mass poverty\u201d after 45\u00a0years.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why counting the poor is necessary?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly,\u00a0to get public opinion<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0The first is because knowing the numbers and making them public\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">makes it possible to get public opinion<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to support massive and urgent cash transfers. Spain has\u00a0accorded\u00a0security to its gig workers by giving delivery boys the status of workers. In India too, a dramatic reorientation would get support only once numbers are honestly laid out.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secondly,\u00a0for honest evaluation of policies<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0The second argument for recording the data is so that all policies can be honestly evaluated\u00a0based on\u00a0whether they meet the needs of the majority.\u00a0It\u00a0Is a policy such as bank write-offs of loans amounting to \u20b91.53-lakh crore last year, which helped corporates overwhelmingly, beneficial to the vast majority? Or has it been just beneficial to a thin\u00a0sliver\u00a0of the\u00a0super-rich? This would be possible to transparently evaluate only when the numbers of the poor are known and established<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Third,\u00a0for\u00a0informed public\u00a0debates\u00a0and accountability<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0if government data were to honestly account for the exact numbers of the poor, it may be more realistic to expect the public debate to be conducted on the concerns of the real majority. It would also create an atmosphere that\u00a0demands accountability from public representatives.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fourth, relation between rising corporate wealth and the number of poor<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Fourth,\u00a0wealth\u00a0of richest Indian corporates\u00a0has grown\u00a0manifold\u00a0in the past few years, even as millions of Indians have experienced a massive\u00a0fall\u00a0into poverty.\u00a0It is well known that stock market and Indian economy are interrelated.\u00a0If billionaire lists are evaluated in detail and reported upon, the country cannot shy away from counting its poor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Urgent solutions are needed within, and the starting point of that would be only when we know how many are poor.\u00a0If we do not bother to know of the increased numbers sliding into poverty, there would be little possibility of moving toward a solution.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Terms to\u00a0know:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/brics-astronomy-working-group-proposes-networking-of-existing-telescopes\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">BRICS<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"15\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/global-hunger-index-india-ghi-2020\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Global Hunger Index<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"16\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/national-family-health-nfhs\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">National Family Health Survey<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(NFHS)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"17\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-improves-sustainable-development-goals-index-score-by-three-positions\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sustainable Development Goals Index<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"18\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/273-million-indians-out-of-poverty-in-10-years\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/families-who-lost-breadwinners-in-covid-19-need-supportive-policies-and-a-safety-net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW217561102\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW217561102\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Families who lost breadwinners in COVID-19 need supportive policies and a safety net<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW217561102\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW217561102\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:\u00a0Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tags: Social Protection in India,\u00a0ex gratia\u00a0compensation, Covid 19\u00a0deaths,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GE58MN5QK.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why government must\u00a0provide\u00a0relief to families lost breadwinners?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Recently a case has been filed in the court demanding compensation for Covid-19 deaths.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Government response in court:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"19\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The government\u00a0said that\u00a0such payments\u00a0are<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0beyond the Government\u2019s fiscal affordability.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"20\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Instead of giving\u00a0one-time compensation payments,\u00a0the government\u00a0can\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">deploy funds in health care<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">enhance social protection and support economic recovery\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of affected communities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Arguments from petitioners:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"21\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There is a\u00a0provision in the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/disaster-management-act-2005-invoked-to-facilitate-supply-of-medical-oxygen\/\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Disaster Management Act<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0for\u00a0providing\u00a0compensation<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"22\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In India,\u00a0second\u00a0wave peaked only due to<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0poor health infrastructure and low public health expenditure.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Even the\u00a0Economic Survey mentioned\u00a0the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Failure of Public policy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to increase public spending to 2.5%-3% of\u00a0GDP\u00a0on health.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"23\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lack of\u00a0Government\u2019s resource is\u00a0not a\u00a0justifiable argument<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, as the Centre is pursuing expensive redevelopment projects such as the Central Vista.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Suggestions<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"24\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As the center is\u00a0providing\u00a0free vaccines to all, now it is time to move forward and\u00a0provide\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">road map for a universal public health system.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"25\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Changes in Tax\u00a0policy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0to\u00a0facilitate\u00a0the wealthiest to compensate those who have been hit the hardest.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Families\u00a0lost breadwinners need help, like the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/pm-cares-for-children-scheme\/\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">government\u00a0help\u00a0towards\u00a0Covid\u00a0orphans<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/towards-a-more-federal-structure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW86069532 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW86069532 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Towards a more federal structure<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Tages<\/strong>: 15<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0FC, Devolution of taxes,\u00a0Cess, Financial Federalism,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GE58MN0AA.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why India\u00a0needs\u00a0better tax sharing mechanism between Center and States?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The current policy of tax sharing between center and states will increase\u00a0the regional differences.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Current policy of Tax sharing mechanism in India:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In\u00a0India,<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0direct taxes go entirely to the Central government.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0State governments get funds from the Central government according to the Finance Commission\u2019s recommendations.\u00a0Though this is based on\u00a0a\u00a0formula, often politics\u00a0intervenes,\u00a0leading to discrepancy in\u00a0receivables\u00a0of different state.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"26\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">After the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/issues-in-15th-finance-commission-recommendation\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fifteenth Finance Commision<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0recommendation,\u00a0the Central government is supposed to distribute 41% of its gross tax revenues (reduced from 42% after the formation of new Union Territories\u00a0Jammu and Kashmir) to the State governments.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Challenges with the present tax sharing mechanism:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"27\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Usually, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Central government does not meet the 41% target<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. Various States governments either\u00a0file petitions or come\u00a0into conflict with the Central government on this issue.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"28\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">The issue of\u00a0Cess:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Central government has\u00a0levied\u00a0cess\u00a0on\u00a0multiple\u00a0items\u00a0which adds up to over \u20b93.5 lakh crore. This is not shared with the State governments.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"29\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">More economic power to the Central government:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0At an all-India level, the States get\u00a026% of their total revenue from the Central government. Some of the so-called poorer States get up to 50% of their total revenue from the Central government. This allows ruling parties at the Centre to use these funds to their advantage.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"30\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Regional disparity:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maharashtra, Delhi and Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat contribute 72% of the tax revenue. But they receive only miniscule share. On the other hand, Uttar Pradesh, which has the largest population in India, contributes only 3.12% but gets over 17% of the revenue distributed by the Central government.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"31\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Revenue distribution formula:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The formula\u00a0gives\u00a0more weightage to population and poverty levels.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The population growth rates in the southern states have come down to near zero. On the other hand, population in central and north India continues to grow. This make ever\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">growing of cross subsidy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0from the south to the north.<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Suggestions:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"32\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Provide\u00a0greater economic power to\u00a0states:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This will make states to directly collect more taxes and be less dependent on the Central government. This is in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">line with the international practices<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the U.S., both the federal and State governments collect di<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rect\u00a0taxes from individuals and corporations. This is true in Switzerland and some other countries as well.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A transition to a more federal structure will allow the Centre to focus on external threats instead of internal dissensions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-case-to-decriminalize-suicide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW83828678\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW83828678\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">A case to decriminalize suicide<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tags: Suicide, Section 309 IPC, Mental Health,\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/a-case-to-decriminalise-suicide\/article34893959.ece\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0Should we stop\u00a0penalizing\u00a0suicides and seek for a more permanent solution like repeal of section 309 Indian Penal Code (IPC)?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">High suicide rate in India<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">India has the highest suicide rate in the Southeast Asian region, according to the World Health Organization.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"33\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A total of 1,34,516 cases of suicide were reported in 2018 in India, according to the National Crime Records Bureau. While the rate of suicide was 9.9 in 2017, it increased to 10.2 in 2018.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Reasons for suicide<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Depression, chronic ill health, guilt, trauma, substance abuse, failure in exams, and loss of loved ones<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0are some of the reasons which influence a person\u2019s decision to take his or her life.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is section 309 IPC?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code\u00a0provides for\u00a0the penal provision for\u00a0attempting\u00a0suicide.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"34\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">If a person is suffering from any mental trauma or illness, he or she should be given\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">reformative treatment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0rather than a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">deterrent punishment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0which is \u201csimple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year [or with fine, or with both]\u201d.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"35\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">British Parliament\u00a0decriminalized\u00a0attempts to suicide in 1961 through the Suicide Act. In India, a Bill to repeal Section 309 was first introduced in the Rajya Sabha in 1972 but it\u00a0failed to\u00a0pass in the Lok Sabha because the House was dissolved.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Judgements\u00a0favoring decriminalization of\u00a0suicide.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Those who favor the penal provision\u00a0quote\u00a0the\u00a0following\u00a0judgments.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"36\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gian Kaur V. State of Punjab\u00a0(1996):<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0In this judgment\u00a0court held that the \u201cright to life is a natural right embodied in Article 21\u201d of the Constitution but \u201csuicide is an unnatural termination or extinction of life and, therefore, incompatible and inconsistent with the concept of right to life\u201d.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"37\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India\u00a0(2011)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0In\u00a0this case,\u00a0the Supreme Court endorsed the\u00a0Gian Kaur judgment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Judgments against\u00a0decriminalization\u00a0of suicide<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Those who argue that the act of attempting suicide should not be criminalized quote\u00a0following judgments:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"38\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Maruti Shripati Dubal v. State of Maharashtra\u00a0(1986):\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">In this judgment, the Bombay High Court declared\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Section 309 unconstitutional<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0It said:\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201cFor example, the freedom of speech and expression includes freedom not to speak and to remain silent. The freedom of association and movement likewise includes the freedom not to join any association or to move anywhere&#8230; If this is so, logically it must follow that right to live&#8230; will include also a right not to live or not to be forced to live.\u201d<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"39\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chenna\u00a0Jagadeeswar\u00a0v. State of Andhra Pradesh\u00a0and\u00a0P. Rathinam v. Union of India\u00a0(1994):<\/span><\/b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">In these judgments\u00a0court held that Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code is a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">violation of Articles 14 and 21<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and is void and unconstitutional.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Does mental healthcare act\u00a0offer\u00a0a solution?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">To some degree but not fully.<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"16\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"40\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In 2017, Parliament passed the Mental Healthcare Act. Section 115 (1) of the Act provides, that any person who\u00a0attempts\u00a0to commit suicide shall be presumed, unless proved otherwise, to have severe stress and shall not be tried and punished under the said Code.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"16\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">However, this law\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">applies only to those suffering from mental illness<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. There is presumption of severe stress in case of an attempt to die by suicide.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"16\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">But what if severe stress is not proved?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Way\u00a0forward<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">We\u00a0must\u00a0shift from\u00a0penalizing\u00a0attempts to suicide or making such cases medico-legal ones.\u00a0Instead,\u00a0we should\u00a0provide\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">psychological or mental treatment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">support<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0to the persons affected. As the issue demands a reformative stance, we need a permanent solution like repealing Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code or striking it down.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Terms to know<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"19\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"41\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mental healthcare Act<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/uapa-being-misused-to-silence-voices-against-injustice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW234609082\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW234609082\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">UAPA<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW234609082\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0being misused to silence voices against\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW234609082\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">injustice<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0Security challenges and their management<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tags: UAPA,\u00a0Anti-Terror\u00a0Act, Habeas Corpus, NIA, National Security, Preventive Detention<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/todays-paper\/tp-national\/tp-newdelhi\/uapa-being-misused-to-silence-voices-against-injustice\/article34897484.ece\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/why-recent-judgments-in-uapa-cases-represent-limited-victory-7369546\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the issues with UAPA?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">In last week alone three important judgements were delivered on the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/uapa-or-unlawful-activities-prevention-act\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA),1967<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">. These are,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The grant of regular bail to three student activists in the Delhi riots case of 2020. The Delhi High Court\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">held that the police had\u00a0failed to show its accusations were prima facie true.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Acquittal of two persons in a\u00a0nine-year-old UAPA case in Nanded, Maharashtra, by a special\u00a0NIA (National Investigation Agency)\u00a0court, for lack of evidence.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">The grant of default bail by the Karnataka High Court to\u00a0115 Muslim men among 350 who were arrested in the aftermath of rioting and police firing in 2020.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">About UAPA:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Originally enacted in 1967, the UAPA was amended to be modelled as an anti-terror law in 2004 and 2008. The significant provisions of amendments are,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"42\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The period of detention is increased, enlarging the period of custody prior to which default bail cannot be granted<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"43\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Regular bail is subject to the satisfaction of the judge that no prima facie case exists.\u00a0This makes bail a near impossibility.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"44\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"44\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lengthy periods of pre-trial incarceration for the accused who are presumed guilty of heinous terror crimes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Issues with UAPA:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"31\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"45\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">UAPA is being misused to put people like independent journalists, students and activists who are fighting for\u00a0justice.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"31\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"46\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The condition of UAPA prisoners<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The persons arrested with UAPA were not entitled to the provisions of jail manual citing safety and security concerns. Further, there is a continuous violation of human rights inside prison.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"31\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"47\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">High pendency rate<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The\u00a0National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) published the status of UAPA\u00a0between 2016 and 2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"31\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A total of<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a04,231 FIRs were filed<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0under various sections of the UAPA, of which 112 cases have resulted in convictions. While the number of acquittals is low, at 187.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"31\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The rate of pendency at the level of trial is at an average of 95.5 per cent. This\u00a0 signifies\u00a0the reasons for\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">long years of undertrial imprisonment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Judicial interventions:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"47\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"48\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In Union of India v\u00a0K\u00a0A Najeeb case, 2020:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Court held that despite restrictions on bail under the UAPA, constitutional courts can still grant bail on the grounds that the fundamental rights of the accused have been violated.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"47\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"49\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In\u00a0Gautam Navlakha v NIA.\u00a0case<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0\u00a0The Supreme Court held that house arrest fell within the\u00a0ambit\u00a0of judicial custody but refused to count the days spent in house arrest as custody for the purpose of granting him default bail.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Suggestions:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"32\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"50\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">UAPA should not be misused and should be used for the purpose it was made for \u2014 to put terrorists behind bars.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/delimitation-in-ut-of-jammu-kashmir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW162818702 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW162818702 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Delimitation in\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW162818702 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">UT<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW162818702 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW162818702 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Jammu &amp; Kashmir<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW162818702 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0Election and related issues.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> Delimitation of constituencies, delimitation,\u00a0Jammu &amp; Kashmir<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/delimitation-in-jk-how-why-pm-modi-jammu-kashmir-leaders-meeting-special-status-7369580\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Assembly elections in Union Territory of J&amp;K<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">News<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0The Union government\u2019s\u00a0invitation to 14 key political leaders\u00a0from\u00a0Jammu and Kashmir\u00a0for a meeting with the Prime Minister in the national capital.\u00a0this week has led to speculation about\u00a0possible scheduling\u00a0of the Assembly elections<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is\u00a0delimitation\u00a0and why is it needed?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of an Assembly or Lok Sabha seat to\u00a0represent\u00a0changes in population over time.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"53\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"63\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Done by<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Delimitation Commission, whose orders have the force of law and cannot be questioned before any court.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"53\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"64\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Objective<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: The\u00a0objective\u00a0is to redraw boundaries<\/span><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(based on the data of the last Census)<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in a way so that the population of all seats, as far as\u00a0practicable, be the same throughout the State. Aside from changing the limits of a constituency, the process may result in change in the number of seats in a state.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">How often has\u00a0delimitation\u00a0been carried out in J&amp;K?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"65\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Basis of\u00a0delimitation\u00a0in J&amp;K<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0Delimitation of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lok Sabha seats<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0in J&amp;K, before its special status was scrapped, was governed by the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Constitution of India<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, but the\u00a0delimitation\u00a0of the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">state\u2019s Assembly seats<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0was governed by the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Jammu and Kashmir\u00a0Constitution and\u00a0Jammu and Kashmir\u00a0Representation of the People Act, 1957.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"66\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Previous\u00a0delimitations of assembly seats<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0Assembly seats in J&amp;K were\u00a0delimited\u00a0in 1963, 1973 and 1995.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The last exercise was conducted by the Justice (retired)\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">K\u00a0K\u00a0Gupta Commission<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0when the state was under President\u2019s Rule and was based on the 1981 census, which formed the basis of the state elections in 1996.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"67\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">No\u00a0delimitation\u00a0after 2001 census<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0There was no census in the state in 1991. Also,\u00a0no Delimitation Commission was set up by the state government after the 2001 census because the J&amp;K Assembly passed a law putting a freeze on the fresh\u00a0delimitation\u00a0of seats until 2026.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">This freeze was upheld by the Supreme Court.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The J&amp;K Assembly, at that time, had 87 seats \u2014 46 in Kashmir, 37 in\u00a0Jammu\u00a0and 4 in Ladakh.\u00a0<\/span><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Twenty-four more seats are reserved for\u00a0Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"54\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The freeze, some political parties argue, has created\u00a0inequity\u00a0for\u00a0Jammu\u00a0region.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">How J&amp;K\u2019s\u00a0delimitation\u00a0will be done now?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">After the\u00a0abrogation\u00a0of J&amp;K\u2019s special status in 2019,\u00a0delimitation\u00a0of Lok Sabha and Assembly seats in the newly-created Union Territory would be\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">as per the provisions of the Indian Constitution<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"55\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"68\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In March 2020, the government set up the Delimitation Commission, headed by retired Supreme Court judge Ranjana Prakash Desai, which was tasked with completing\u00a0delimitation\u00a0in J&amp;K in a year.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"55\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"69\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The commission has been granted\u00a0a\u00a0year\u2019s extension\u00a0in light of\u00a0the pandemic.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Terms to know<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"56\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"70\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Delimitation<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"56\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"71\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Delimitation Commission and relevant Constitutional provisions<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/understanding-pakistans-kashmir-conundrum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW86943209\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW86943209\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Understanding Pakistan\u2019s Kashmir conundrum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP BCX0 SCXW86943209\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0India and its\u00a0neighbourhood- relations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> India\u00a0Pakistan\u00a0relations, Kashmir Issue<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/jammu-kashmir-leaders-pm-modi-meet-pakistan-india-relations-7369545\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How India-Pakistan relations impact development in Kasmir?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As the central government\u00a0initiates\u00a0political engagement with the leaders of\u00a0Jammu and Kashmir\u00a0this week, for the first time since the state was reorganized in August 2019. This is closely watched by Pakistan.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The play of Pakistan<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Even before the central government announcement, Pakistan went into a diplomatic overdrive to draw the world\u2019s attention to the Kashmir. As Pakistan accuses\u00a0India\u2019s \u201cnew plans\u201d as to move to\u00a0further divide\u00a0Jammu and Kashmir.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How India-Pakistan relations\u00a0evolved so far?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Endless cycle of talks-terror-talks\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was India\u2019s earlier engagement with Pakistan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The present government\u00a0initiated\u00a0complex diplomatic\/political\/military dynamic relations with Pakistan. For example,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Inviting then Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to swearing-in ceremony in 2014.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indian Prime Minister\u2019s landing at Pakistan at the end of 2015 on a few hours\u2019 notice at Nawaz Sharif\u2019s family home outside Lahore.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When\u00a0terror attack happened, India\u00a0broke custom by inviting Pakistan to join the investigations.\u00a0But Pakistan\u2019s intelligence establishment was in no mood to cooperate.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">After a major terror attack on Uri in September 2016, Indian government changed its approach and ordered the Indian Army to carry out\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201csurgical strikes\u201d across the Line of Control<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the aftermath of Pulwama terror attack in February 2019, India ordered the Air Force to carry out a raid on a terror camp at\u00a0Balakot\u00a0in Pakistan. Pakistan\u2019s response the next day led to the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">first aerial combat between the two air forces since 1971<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 2019, India\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">changed the\u00a0constitutional status of\u00a0Jammu and Kashmir<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, separating Ladakh from it, and declaring the two entities as union territories.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This along with Surgical strike and other prompt response by India<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0forced\u00a0Pakistan towards\u00a0diplomacy rather than force.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How the Kashmir issue in diplomacy dealt with?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"66\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"81\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While China, Pakistan\u2019s\u00a0ally\u00a0and a party to the Kashmir question, sought\u00a0UNSC\u00a0intervention, India\u00a0blocked the move with support from France,\u00a0Russia\u00a0and the\u00a0US.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"66\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"82\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pakistan also accused India at the\u00a0Organisation\u00a0of Islamic Cooperation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the recent positive developments in India-Pakistan relations?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"68\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"83\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The security establishments in India and Pakistan embarked on backchannel diplomacy that produced quick results.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"68\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"84\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India and Pakistan announced a ceasefire on the Line of Control in February.\u00a0The two sides agreed to \u201caddress each other\u2019s core issues and concerns\u201d that tend to \u201cdisturb peace\u201d.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"68\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"85\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pakistan\u2019s army chief\u00a0called for a reorientation of Pakistan\u2019s national strategy away from \u201cgeopolitics\u201d to \u201cgeoeconomics\u201d.\u00a0He also underlined the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">importance of good\u00a0neighbourly\u00a0relations with Afghanistan and India<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pakistan\u2019s present dilemma on Kashmir:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"69\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"86\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Even though, Kashmir is now on the bilateral agenda, Pakistan needs to prioritize on what\u00a0should it focus.\u00a0Either\u00a0on Article 370 that defines the region\u2019s special status in the Indian Union or Article 35A that protects the region\u2019s demographic profile.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"69\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"87\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Realists in Pakistan\u00a0perhaps know\u00a0that India will not restore the pre-August 2019 legal status in Kashmir<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conclusion:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Irrespective of the Pakistan\u2019s debate,\u00a0The\u00a0central government in India owes itself a new and mutually acceptable compact with Kashmir\u2019s political class.\u00a0India\u2019s success on that front will inevitably and\u00a0irrevocably\u00a0alter the terms of India\u2019s engagement with Pakistan on Kashmir.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/justice-delivery-system-is-headed-towards-a-disaster-judges-must-take-responsibility-heres-what-they-must-do\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW166761034\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Justice delivery system is headed towards a disaster. Judges must take responsibility.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW166761034\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Here\u2019s<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW166761034\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">\u00a0what they must do<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tags<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Justice delivery system, Judiciary, Pendency of cases\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/blogs\/toi-edit-page\/justice-delivery-system-is-headed-towards-a-disaster-judges-must-take-responsibility-heres-what-they-must-do\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Times of India<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How to address the pendency of cases in Judiciary?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Currently, the number of pending cases in our courts is 446 lakhs\u00a0and by 2022 it will cross 500\u00a0lakhs. The justice delivery system is hurtling towards a disaster.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What\u00a0possible solutions\u00a0can avert the pendency?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"73\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Filling sanctioned judicial positions:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A detailed analysis shows that between 2006 and 2017, the average increase in pendency was about 2.5% per year\u00a0whereas\u00a0the average vacancy in the sanctioned judicial positions was about 21%.\u00a0If\u00a0the sanctioned positions had been filled the pendency would have gone down each year.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In subordinate Courts<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0The subordinate judiciary is selected by a competitive examination.\u00a0But they are not hiring adequate numbers. For example,\u00a0Haryana Judicial Services Examination called\u00a0only 9 candidates for\u00a0interviews against 107 posts advertised.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Suggestions:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The IT industry often hires 1,00,000 employees in a single year and they take the best on offer. The IITs admit about 11,000 students each year with the same approach and do not have more than 1% vacancies.\u00a0Selection\u00a0of judges should follow the same approach to fill the sanctioned positions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For high courts<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a033% positions are filled by promotion from the subordinate judiciary and the rest are recruited by direct offers to the advocates who have successful practice. A simple and sensible option would be to promote 80% from the subordinate judiciary.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">responsibility to ensure near zero vacancies should be placed on the chief justices of the high courts and CJI\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and they should be held accountable. Currently, nobody believes they are accountable, and filling judicial vacancies is not considered a matter of priority.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"73\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Improve working by using technology:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many government services have shown significant delivery improvement post technology adoption. Such as, public health, education, income tax returns, postal services, passport services, rail reservations etc. But still, the\u00a0judicial delivery system not adopted it.\u00a0The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e-Committee of the Supreme Court\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has been in existence since 2005. It has\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">made four outstanding recommendations\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">which are not being followed. These recommendations include,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Computer algorithm to decide on case listing<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, case allocation and adjournments with only a 5% over-ride given to judges.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E-filing in all courts<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The committee put together detailed\u00a0SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures)\u00a0on how petitions, affidavits, payment of fees can all be done electronically without lawyers or litigants having to travel to courts. This should be implemented in all seriousness. By\u00a0eliminating\u00a0paper, it would also save 3 lakh trees annually.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Virtual Hearings:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Covid prompted the courts to adopt virtual hearings.\u00a0However, virtual hearings were held only in some cases.\u00a0Unless virtual hearings are adopted, the backlog of cases will cross 5\u00a0crores\u00a0by 2022.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Virtual Always<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Even the first and second standard students are learning in a virtual mode, then\u00a0All courts must switch to virtual mode\u00a0immediately\u00a0and start disposing cases at their normal speed to begin with.\u00a0This would make access to justice easier for lawyers and litigants<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The CJI\u00a0must\u00a0treats these suggestions as an urgent\u00a0Suo\u00a0Motu\u00a0PIL (Personal Interest Litigations)\u00a0and converts the Covid calamity into an opportunity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/counting-the-dead\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW218663230 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218663230 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Counting the dead<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Population and associated issues,\u00a0Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> Covid related deaths, Covid,\u00a0Governance, GS paper 2,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/opinion\/counting-the-dead-121062101612_1.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Business-standard<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Undercounting of COVID-related deaths in India<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the issue?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Due to gaps in the civil registration data, the actual death toll due to COVID is still a mystery.\u00a0There\u2019s\u00a0no way to know it because the aggregated all-India civil registration data is only available until 2018.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the impact of lack of data? Or why we need data?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The lack of data means\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">health care policy is based on\u00a0guesswork<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"88\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"103\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Policymakers\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cannot prioritize, and\u00a0allocate\u00a0resources effectively. It is also difficult to review policy decisions, and suggest course corrections.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"88\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"104\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Insurers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0cannot reliably compute life premiums.\u00a0Even road and rail safety could improve with good,\u00a0timely\u00a0data inputs, given over 200,000 Indians die annually in accidents.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"88\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"105\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lack of data also creates problems\u00a0when it comes to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">claiming citizenship<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"88\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"106\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Massive undercounting of deaths<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The evidence pieced together by analysts suggests massive undercounting of Covid-related deaths. The reported figures from states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh\u00a0indicate\u00a0overall excess deaths in the past two to three months.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the necessary steps?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A comprehensive\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">overhaul of the civil registration system<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is necessary.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"90\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"107\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These data must also be\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">openly searchable<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and released as close to real time as possible.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"90\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"108\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Increasing awareness<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Citizens must be encouraged to register births and deaths as a matter of course.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"90\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"109\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Medical certificates<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0must also be more informative with respect to real, and underlying causes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"90\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"110\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To alleviate\u00a0privacy concerns, such data could also be anonymized before release (though it could be de-anonymized by using the available open data of the voters\u2019 lists)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conclusion<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Covid tragedy can be used as an opportunity to revamp our civil registration system\u00a0for a stronger, resilient and a long-term\u00a0healthcare\u00a0policy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/china-surpasses-india-in-vaccine-delivery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW149300711\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW149300711\">China Surpasses India in Vaccine Delivery<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India and its\u00a0neighbourhood- relations\u00a0and\u00a0Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and\/or affecting India\u2019s interests.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tags:\u00a0Vaccine Diplomacy, Covid Vaccine, Vaccine\u00a0Maitree<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source: &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.livemint.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=226c827149f&amp;imageview=0\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Livemint<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0China has surpassed India in vaccine delivery to other countries. India had an opportunity\u00a0to make diplomatic gains, however, it lost that to fulfil its domestic needs.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Introduction<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">China has surpassed India in delivering more covid-19 shots worldwide. It is\u00a0despite the fact that\u00a0India is the world\u2019s top vaccine producer.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As per UNICEF, China has donated a total of 22.37 million doses across the world in the past six months. It delivered vaccines to a total of 84 countries, mostly in Africa, Latin\u00a0America\u00a0and Eastern Europe.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In Africa,\u00a0nearly 37%\u00a0of the vaccines supplied are through bilateral deals by Chinese companies.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Whereas\u00a0Pune-based SII donated 8.8 million doses to 48 countries in the past six months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How China surpassed India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"96\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"111\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Firstly, Export ban:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0After 2<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">nd<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0wave, India stopped exports of vaccines so that it is available in abundance for domestic use. India banned exports of the Oxford University-AstraZeneca developed and Serum Institute of India (SII)-manufactured\u00a0Covishield\u00a0vaccine. This prompted several countries to turn to China.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"96\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"112\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Secondly Awaited emergency approval:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Bharat Biotech, the other vaccine manufacturer from India, is still awaiting emergency approval from the World Health Organization, hindering its ability to scale up exports.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SII was committed to delivering up to 50 million doses to 64 countries under COVAX by April. However, after\u00a0India\u2019s decision to open vaccination for all those above the age of 18, GAVI notified the\u00a0potential delays.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/cds-to-chair-meet-on-theatre-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\"> <span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW250950030\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW250950030\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">CDS to chair meet on theatre commands<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> CDS, Theatre Command,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">integrated tri-service command, GS paper 3, Internal Security\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/todays-paper\/tp-national\/cds-to-chair-meet-on-theatre-commands\/article34897239.ece\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Chief of\u00a0Defence\u00a0Staff (CDS) Gen. Bipin Rawat is scheduled to chair a meeting with the Vice-Chiefs of the three services, the Chief of Integrated\u00a0Defence\u00a0Staff,\u00a0and the representatives from the Ministries of\u00a0Defence, Home and Finance. This meeting is part\u00a0of a\u00a0broad plan\u00a0to create\u00a0four integrated tri-service\u00a0(theatre)\u00a0commands.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is a theatre command?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A\u00a0theatre command\u00a0is a military structure wherein all the assets of the army, air force and navy in a particular\u00a0theatre\u00a0of war are under the operational control of a three-star general.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"22\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"113\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Currently, existing\u00a0commands\u00a0are of the army,\u00a0navy\u00a0and air force.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the four integrated tri-service commands that are being planned?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"114\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Air\u00a0Defence\u00a0theatre command<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"115\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maritime theatre command<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"116\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Integrated eastern theatre command<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"117\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Integrated western theatre command<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How was the broad plan arrived at?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"23\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"118\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">After studying Indian and western models of war fighting for over two years, table top exercises and war games were conducted.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"23\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"119\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Operational discussions were held to\u00a0come up with\u00a0the best model suited for India. The commands will have Indian characteristics,\u00a0ethos\u00a0and way of fighting.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"23\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"120\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Detailed discussions were also held with the veteran community and think-tanks to brainstorm on the far-reaching decisions<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the Indian Air Force\u2019s opposition to the plan?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">IAF\u00a0fears that it will lose control over its assets and operations<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Is this fear justified?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Current IAF stance of\u00a0retaining\u00a0most assets and operational control under the Air headquarters and the Air Chief goes against the very essence of integration and jointmanship.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"24\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"121\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It is\u00a0also unjustified\u00a0because nothing is being changed from the ground till the level of Army commanders and equivalent. All air bases, squadrons and air assets will continue to function under IAF officials.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Terms to know<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"25\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"122\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chief of\u00a0Defence\u00a0Staff<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/share-info-with-govt-ban-on-specific-flash-sales-move-to-tighten-e-commerce-norms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW117274169 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW117274169 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Share info with Govt, ban on \u2018specific\u2019 flash sales: Move to tighten e-commerce norms<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tags:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0E\u00a0Commerce rules 2020, consumer protection rules, E Commerce rules, GS Paper\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source\u00a01<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/companies\/share-info-with-govt-ban-on-specific-flash-sales-move-to-tighten-e-commerce-norms-7369666\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source 2<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/companies\/govt-proposes-stiff-compliance-measures-for-e-commerce-companies-121062101580_1.html#:~:text=%C2%ABBack-,Stiff%20compliance%2C%20flash%20sale%20ban%20in,norms%20for%20e%2Dcommerce%20firms&amp;text=According%20to%20the%20proposed%20rules,reduced%20prices%20and%20high%20discounts.\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Business Standard<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source 3<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/india\/govt-to-tighten-rules-on-e-commerce-to-impose-ban-on-flash-sale-of-products-11624288529035.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Livemint<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Context:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0Tightening of norms for e-commerce companies\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">News<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0The Ministry of\u00a0Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution\u00a0is\u00a0planning\u00a0major\u00a0changes to the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020.\u00a0A range of amendments has been proposed.\u00a0Comments\u00a0sought\u00a0from relevant stakeholders by July 6.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Background<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"41\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"137\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In December 2018, the Industry Department had published changes to its foreign direct investment (FDI) policy for e-commerce.\u00a0These changes were introduced to tighten loopholes exploited by online marketplaces in\u00a0previous\u00a0policies announced by the Centre.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"41\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Changes included\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">curbing marketplaces from exercising control over inventory<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">restricting the relationship between the marketplace and sellers\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">on its platform.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"41\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"138\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the proposed amendments to e-commerce norms, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Government is looking at strengthening these aspects.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"41\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"139\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The proposed rules have been released at a time when DPIIT is also trying to roll out a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">comprehensive\u00a0e-commerce policy\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">aimed at addressing the regulatory challenges sector<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What\u00a0are\u00a0the\u00a0Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Government had notified the Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules in July 2020, f<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">or online retailers registered in India<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">or abroad<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0but\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">offering goods and services to Indian consumers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">While the original rules focused on aspects such as transparency about product information to help consumers make informed decisions, the amendments aim to curb the circumventing of other laws.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Any violation of these rules\u00a0attracts\u00a0penal action under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the rationale behind\u00a0notifying such\u00a0rules\u00a0and\u00a0subsequent\u00a0amendments?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Government received several representations from\u00a0aggrieved\u00a0consumers,\u00a0traders\u00a0and associations complaining against\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">widespread cheating\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">and<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0unfair trade practices<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0being\u00a0observed\u00a0in the e-commerce ecosystem.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"42\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"140\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The rapid growth of e-commerce platforms has also brought into the purview the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">unfair trade practices of the marketplace e-commerce entities.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">They\u00a0frequently\u00a0engage\u00a0in manipulating search results\u00a0to promote certain sellers, preferential treatment to some sellers, indirectly\u00a0operating\u00a0the sellers on their platform,\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">affecting the free choice of consumers,<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0selling goods close to\u00a0expiration\u00a0etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"42\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"141\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">For\u00a0e.g.<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0Flipkart and Amazon India are being investigated by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) for alleged abuse of market dominance and giving preferential treatment to sellers in which they hold indirect stakes.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The CCI probe also focuses on deep-discounting practices undertaken by e-commerce marketplaces, which has led to complaints from offline retailers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are the\u00a0key\u00a0changes that have been proposed?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">According to the new provisions,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"142\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Registration\u00a0mandatory<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: E-commerce companies would need to register with the Department of Promotion for Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"143\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sharing of\u00a0information<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0\u00a0E-commerce companies\u00a0would also have to share information with the\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201cGovernment agency, which is lawfully authorized for investigative or protective or cyber security activities, for the purposes of verification of identity, or for the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution, of offences under any law for the time being in force, or for cyber security incidents\u201d.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0The information sought by the Government agency will have to be produced by the e-commerce company \u201c<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">within 72 hours of the receipt of an order from the said authority\u201d.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"144\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Appointment of officers for coordination with law\u00a0enforcement\u00a0agencies<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: On the lines of IT intermediary rules, e-commerce companies will need to appoint a grievance officer, a chief compliance officer, and a nodal contact person \u201cfor 24\u00d77 coordination with law enforcement agencies\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Resident grievance officer<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0must\u00a0be a company employee and a citizen of India and serve as the nodal point of contact for law enforcement agencies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"145\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Disallowing specific flash sales<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0The Government has called for disallowing \u201cspecific flash sales\u201d on e-commerce\u00a0platforms.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"9\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is a flash sale?<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0&#8211; A \u201cflash sale\u201d is defined as a sale organized by an e-commerce entity at significantly reduced prices, high discounts or any other such promotions or attractive offers for a predetermined\u00a0period of time<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"10\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Why this norm?\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211; This has been proposed to make the existing e-commerce norms more stringent, by ensuring that these firms do not use data collected through their business for \u201cunfair advantage\u201d and prevent any\u00a0possible links\u00a0they may have with traders selling goods and services on their platforms.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"11\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Note<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: Conventional e-commerce flash sales are not banned<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">. Only specific flash sales or back-to-back sales which limit customer choice, increase\u00a0prices,\u00a0and prevents a level playing field are not allowed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"146\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Push for domestic goods<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: E-commerce firms should mention the name and details of any importer from whom it has\u00a0purchased\u00a0such goods or services.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"12\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">These firms will also have to\u00a0provide\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">alternative suggestions to customers\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">before they make a purchase \u201cto ensure fair opportunity for domestic goods\u201d.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"13\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">They will not only have to rank goods, but also\u00a0have to\u00a0come up with\u00a0a framework such that the ranking does not discriminate against domestic goods and sellers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"147\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Data not to be misused<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: E-tailers cannot mislead consumers by manipulating search results on their platforms.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"14\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">They will have to ensure that marketplaces do not use any information collected through its platform for unfair advantage of its associated enterprises.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"148\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Selling goods &amp; services to sellers not allowed<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: No marketplace e-commerce entity shall sell goods or services to any person who is registered as a seller on its platform.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"149\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cross-selling details to be revealed<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: E-tailers engaged in cross-selling of goods or services will have to\u00a0disclose\u00a0to its users, by\u00a0providing\u00a0the name of the entity\u00a0providing\u00a0data for cross-selling, as well as the data used for cross-selling on the platform.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"15\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cross-selling is a marketing practice of selling complementary products to customers, thereby getting them to\u00a0purchase\u00a0more.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"16\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Selling products to a consumer by \u201cdeliberate\u00a0misrepresentation\u201d of information about the goods is also not allowed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"150\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">No differentiated treatment by\u00a0logistics\u00a0providers<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: No\u00a0logistics\u00a0service provider of a marketplace e-commerce entity shall\u00a0provide\u00a0differentiated treatment between sellers of the same category.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"17\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Amazon\u00a0India, for example, has its own\u00a0logistics\u00a0arm, and the provision seems to be aimed at ensuring such\u00a0logistics\u00a0providers are not given preference over others.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"151\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Final liability on the marketplace<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">: In the event a seller\u00a0fails to\u00a0deliver a good or service, the final liability will fall on the e-commerce marketplace.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-114253\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Captureddd.png?resize=506%2C509&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"506\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Captureddd.png?resize=298%2C300&amp;ssl=1 298w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Captureddd.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Captureddd.png?w=361&amp;ssl=1 361w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the\u00a0applicability\u00a0of the rules?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"152\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The rules will be applicable for all goods and services bought or sold over digital or electronic networks, including digital products.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"38\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"153\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">They are valid for all models of e-commerce, including marketplace and inventory models, including multi-channel single brand retailers and single brand retailers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What are some concerns\u00a0being\u00a0expressed?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">The fact that online marketplaces will now have to offer alternatives to imported goods goes against the basic rules of \u2018free market\u2019 and \u2018non-discrimination\u2019 of sellers, which are expected to be followed by e-commerce firms. Product suggestions depend on the consumer\u2019s preference and the goods they have\u00a0frequently\u00a0bought in the\u00a0past.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/lakshadweep-could-face-major-coastal-erosion-due-to-rising-sea-levels-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW48545825\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW48545825\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">Lakshadweep could face major coastal erosion due to rising sea levels: study<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tags:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">coastal erosion,\u00a0Lakshadweep Islands, Climate Change, GS Paper 3, Environment,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/lakshadweep-could-face-major-coastal-erosion-due-to-rising-sea-levels-study-7369707\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Express<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Environmental impact of\u00a0climate change on sea-level rise in Lakshadweep Islands.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">News<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0A group of scientists\u00a0carried out\u00a0a study\u00a0to gauge the impact of climate change on sea-level rise\u00a0in\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/places-in-news-part-6-prelims-capsules-2021\/#Lakshadweep_Islands\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lakshadweep islands<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the findings of the study?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some key findings:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"58\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"163\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sea levels around Lakshadweep are estimated to rise<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0between 0.4 mm and 0.9 mm annually, causing coastal erosion in many of the islands, and\u00a0possibly submerging\u00a0the smaller islets.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"58\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"164\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All islands will be affected\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by the sea level rise.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"58\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"165\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Islands\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chetlat<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Amini<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0are expected to face major land-loss.\u00a0The island\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Minicoy<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">capital\u00a0Kavaratti\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are also vulnerable to sea-level\u00a0rise and\u00a0expected to experience land-loss along 60% of the existing shoreline.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"58\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"22\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The only airport in the archipelago,\u00a0located\u00a0on the southernmost tip of\u00a0Agatti\u00a0island, is likely to experience damage due to\u00a0inundation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"58\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"166\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Fisheries,\u00a0agriculture,\u00a0and tourism are the three main economic sectors of the islanders, all of which are also\u00a0vulnerable.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why this is a cause of concern?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lakshadweep Islands are already facing the impact of sea level rising which is taking place even now. But while many countries have coastal protection measures in place, and even India does have some coastal protection measures, these are not sufficient.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why are Lakshadweep Islands facing\u00a0increased vulnerability to rising sea level and erosion?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lakshadweep group of islands face this heightened vulnerability due to its\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">unique land use pattern<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0wherein most of the residential areas occur along the\u00a0periphery\u00a0of the islands and cultivation in the\u00a0center.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What measures can government take?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There are two kinds that the government can adopt \u2013\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"60\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"167\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Soft measures<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, that is, the creation of mangroves, which is more effective<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"60\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"168\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hard engineering solutions\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">including the building of sea walls \u2013 a proposition which is extremely expensive.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/world-investment-report-2021-released\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW145406077 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW145406077 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">World Investment Report 2021 released<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tags:\u00a0World Investment Report, FDI in India, FDI in India 2020,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Source 1<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/business\/india-business\/mas-help-india-record-5th-highest-fdi-inflows\/articleshow\/83735340.cms\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Times of India<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source 2<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/opinion\/quick-edit\/indias-fdi-gush-11624298075402.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Live mint<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source 3<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/business\/india-gets-64-bn-fdi-last-year-5th-largest-recipient-of-inflows-globally-un-101624256503585.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hindustan Times<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source 4<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/business\/story\/india-receives-64-billion-fdi-in-2020-5th-largest-recipient-of-inflows-in-world-un-1817445-2021-06-21\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">India Today<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)\u00a0has released its World\u00a0Investment\u00a0report 2021<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Key\u00a0findings: &#8211;<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Specific to India<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FDI\u00a0in 2020<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"173\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India was 5<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0biggest recipient<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0India\u2019s FDI rose 27% to $64 billion in a year when\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">global investment flows shrank<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a035% to $1 trillion. This peculiar phenomenon happened due to the following reason:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"25\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;A)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, especially in the technology space\u00a0due to increased demand for digital products and services.\u00a0India saw huge investments from overseas\u00a0with major deals involving\u00a0ICT (Implementation of information and\u00a0Communication Technology), health,\u00a0infrastructure,\u00a0and energy.\u00a0Large transactions\u00a0included:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"3\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the acquisition of Jio Platforms by\u00a0Jaadhu, a subsidiary of Facebook<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"3\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the acquisition of Tower Infrastructure Trust by Canada\u2019s Brookfield Infrastructure and\u00a0GIC\u00a0(Singapore)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"3\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the sale of the electrical and automation division of Larsen &amp; Toubro India<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0a7\" data-font=\"Wingdings\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"3\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Unilever India\u2019s merger with GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare India, a subsidiary of GSK United Kingdom)\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"174\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India,\u00a0China\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Hong Kong\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were among the countries saw a rise in 2020.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"175\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">FDI outflows<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0from South Asia fell 12% to USD 12 billion, due to a drop in investment from India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"26\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">India ranked 18 out of the world\u2019s top 20 economies for FDI outflows, with 12 billion dollars of outflows recorded from the country in 2020 as compared to 13 billion dollars in 2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"176\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Impact of COVID:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"27\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Announced greenfield projects in India contracted by 19% to USD 24 billion, and the second wave in April 2021 is affecting economic activities, which could lead to a larger contraction in\u00a02021.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"28\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Outbreak in India severely hit main investment destinations such as Maharashtra, which is home to one of the biggest automotive manufacturing clusters (Mumbai\u2013Pune\u2013Nasik\u2013Aurangabad) and Karnataka (home to the Bengaluru tech hub)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"177\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Prediction for 2021<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"29\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Report suggests that investment in new ventures\u00a0in India\u00a0could be hit, but the production-linked incentive scheme and high-tech sectors could help drive growth.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"30\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FDI to India has been on a long-term growth trend and its market size will continue to attract market-seeking investments<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"76\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"31\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Investments from India are expected to stabilize in 2021, supported by the country\u2019s resumption of free trade agreement (FTA) talks with the European Union (EU) and its strong investment in\u00a0Africa.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Note<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Greenfield projects\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">are the projects\u00a0which are built from scratch and are not constrained by prior work. It is constructing on unused land where there is no need to remodel or demolish an existing structure. Some examples of greenfield projects are new factories, power plants or airports which are built from scratch. Those facilities which are\u00a0modified\/ upgraded are called\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">brownfield projects<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Downward Trend in FDI\u00a0Global\u00a0Reasons\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"77\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"178\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Slowdown in existing investment projects<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Lockdowns caused by Covid-19 around the world slowed down existing investment projects, and prospects of a recession led multinational enterprises (MNEs) to reassess new projects.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"77\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"179\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Boost in the demand of digital services<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The pandemic boosted demand for digital infrastructure and services globally. This led to higher values of greenfield FDI project announcements targeting the ICT industry, rising by more than 22%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"77\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"180\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FDI inflows to developing Asia grew by 4% in 2020, making it the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">only region to record growth\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and increasing Asia\u2019s share of global inflows to 54%. In China, FDI increased by 6%.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"77\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"181\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While some of the largest economies in developing Asia such as China and India recorded FDI growth in 2020, the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0rest recorded a contraction.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"77\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"182\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FDI inflows in Asia are expected to increase<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0in 2021, outperforming other developing regions with a projected growth of 5\u201310%.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Terms to know<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"80\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"183\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/chinas-huawei-seeks-access-to-trusted-source-portal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW208436225\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW208436225\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">China\u2019s Huawei seeks access to Trusted Source Portal<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/companies\/china-s-huawei-technologies-seeks-access-to-trusted-source-portal-121062101716_1.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Business-standard<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong>\u00a0Trusted Source Portal,\u00a0national security directive<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">News<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Chinese telecom gear giant\u00a0Huawei Technologies\u00a0has sought permission for access to the government\u2019s \u2018Trusted Telecom Portal\u2019\u00a0so\u00a0that it can share details about the telecom products which telecom service providers have agreed to buy from it.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the \u2018Trusted Telecom Portal\u00a0(TTP)\u2019?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Government recently launched a &#8216;trusted telecom&#8217; portal as a part of the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">national security directive<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0on the telecommunications sector.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"184\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Background<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0The development has come following the government&#8217;s efforts to ensure security of telecom networks, especially\u00a0wrt\u00a0fifth generation (5G) service. The initiative is widely believed to discourage the use of China-made gear in the country&#8217;s core networks.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"185\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Under<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0The new portal under the Cyber wing of the\u00a0National Security Council Secretariat\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"186\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Objective<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Portal\u00a0will mandate\u00a0telecom service providers\u00a0to use equipment through trusted or authentic sources only.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"187\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How will it work?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259,&quot;335559991&quot;:360}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"32\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The TSPs will be able to access the Trusted Telecom Portal and\u00a0indicate\u00a0the telecom products they plan to buy, along with the vendor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"33\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The details of these vendors, the products, the critical\u00a0components\u00a0and their sources are then populated in the portal by the telecom service providers. Vendors will also be given access to the portal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"81\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"34\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The government will assess the vendors and the sources of the components to\u00a0determine\u00a0trusted sources and trusted products and this decision will be\u00a0intimated\u00a0to the vendor and the telecom provider.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the National Security Directive?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The directive makes it mandatory for providers to get a \u2018<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">trusted product<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019 and \u2018<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">trusted source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019 stamp on all new telecom equipment they want to buy from OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers).\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"83\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"188\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It is aimed primarily to allow for\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">closer scrutiny of Chinese telecom products\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and ensure that\u00a0companies\u00a0like Huawei and ZTE are discouraged from selling any new equipment, especially in 5G.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"83\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"189\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Definition of a trusted product<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The definition of \u2018trusted product\u2019 is products and their critical components which need to be\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">procured\u00a0from a trusted source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. The telecom service providers will be able to access the Trusted Telecom Portal and\u00a0indicate\u00a0the telecom products they plan to buy, along with the vendor.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So, why\u00a0has\u00a0Huawei\u00a0sought permission to access TTP?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As per Huawei and other Chinese telecom companies, the new National Security Directive on the telecom sector does not in any way prohibit them from\u00a0taking part\u00a0in the process of selling\u00a0telecom equipment of any kind to private telcos. Hence, it has sought permission to access the portal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the new\u00a0rules\u00a0mandated\u00a0by the govt regarding buying of telecom equipment?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As part of the new process,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"84\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"190\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Details\u00a0sought<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Telcos which want to buy new equipment will have to apply for approval.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"84\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"35\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Equipment details<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0They will have to\u00a0provide\u00a0details of the products they want to\u00a0procure.\u00a0They\u2019ll\u00a0also have to\u00a0provide\u00a0details about the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">origin of the products<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0as well as the various components going into it.\u00a0Details of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">active components<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, their\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">maker<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and the<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0location<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of their global headquarters\u00a0have to\u00a0be shared and the country in which the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">intellectual property rights<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0are controlled. In the case of\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">software<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">name<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of the software owner, its\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">global headquarters<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the name and country of the subcontractors and the country from where software will be upgraded all have to be shared.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"84\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"36\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Organizational details<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: OEMs\u00a0have to\u00a0divulge a lot of detail not just about the equipment but about the organization as well, such as the names of the top 10 shareholders up to three levels, their country of origin and whether there has been any change in ownership in the last three years.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"84\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"191\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scrutiny by NSCT<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Based on this data, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">National Security Committee on Telecom<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, headed by the National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, will decide whether the equipment is trusted and from a trusted source.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"84\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"192\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mandatory replacement of existing equipment\u00a0doesn\u2019t\u00a0come under these new\u00a0rules.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This new order is\u00a0similar to\u00a0the restrictions that countries like the US and UK have also imposed on the import of Chinese gear out of fear that it might pose a security risk to their telecom infrastructure.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Problems with the new process<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">New rules are\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">not clear\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">as to what percentage of a piece of equipment\u2019s components\u00a0has to\u00a0come from non-Chinese sources for it to be considered trusted.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/gst-a-turning-point\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW180264285\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW180264285\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"heading 1\">GST: A turning point?<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> GST, Tax to GDP ratio<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Source:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/opinion\/gst-a-turning-point-121062101630_1.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Business Standard<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How to improve Tax to GDP ratio\u00a0with GST?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For the last 25 years, our tax-to-GDP ratio has been stuck at between 16 and 17 per cent. This is\u00a0severely constraining our fiscal\u00a0capacity\u00a0to devote more resources to our underinvested sectors such as education and health.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How to improve tax to GDP\u00a0ratio\u00a0with GST?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"82\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"193\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The goods and services tax (GST) reforms offer the prospect of raising the tax-to-GDP ratio by at least 2 percentage points if we\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">improve the information technology platform\u00a0and\u00a0address the issues of raising the incidence of duties<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What\u00a0are\u00a0the reasons\u00a0for Higher GST Revenues?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">recent upsurge in\u00a0GST\u00a0revenue\u00a0is<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0due to\u00a0the following,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"82\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"194\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Better compliance prodded by the matching of\u00a0invoices\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"82\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"195\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Better monitoring of permissions granted for registrations through physical verification of the premises\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"82\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"196\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Evaluation of the past income tax payment record.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"82\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"197\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">All\u00a0this has reduced the volume of fake input invoices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"82\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"198\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Better coordination between the two tax departments \u2014 Central Board of Direct Taxes and Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs \u2013 has helped boost collections.\u00a0This has led to smaller units covering the unincorporated and the family units to pay greater amount of taxes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the changes required\u00a0in the GST\u00a0to improve tax to GDP ratio?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Fifteenth Finance Commission in its report based on an IMF study has said that the GST incidence of duty has fallen from 14 per cent to 11.8 per cent.\u00a0This needs to be corrected. There are\u00a0a number of\u00a0steps that need to be taken.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Large number\u00a0of exemptions need to be phased away<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0The government\u00a0need to restrict GST exemptions only to those items that were\u00a0VAT (Value Added Tax)\u00a0exempt in the pre-GST period.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There is also a need to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">revisit the GST rates on tobacco and gold<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India\u00a0need to raise the GST rates on tobacco, which is levied on reverse charge basis, from the present level of 5 per cent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Similarly,\u00a0on\u00a0gold, there is a need to revise the GST rate of 3 per cent on equity consideration. As more than 80 per cent of gold and gold ornaments\u00a0purchased\u00a0and owned is by the top decile of the population.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There\u00a0is also the need to\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">deal with the problem of inverted duty structure\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in sectors such as textiles and footwear.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Finally, the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">real estate sector also needs to be brought under the\u00a0ambit\u00a0of GST<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0This will clean up the land market and increase the revenues more on the direct tax side as the GST rate would be more in the nature of clearing rate to offset the embedded input taxes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Conclusion:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The recent upsurge in GST revenue, nudged up by better compliance, can be sustained by rate changes to increase the incidence of GST duty.\u00a0Meanwhile, the\u00a0buoyancy\u00a0in the GST revenues can sustain higher healthcare expenditures in the short run, which is welcome indeed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Terms to know:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"89\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"201\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tax to GDP ratio<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"89\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"202\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tax\u00a0buoyancy<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"89\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"203\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inverted duty structure<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"89\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"204\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Goods and Services Tax<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/pmc-bank-gets-some-cooperative-support-but-revival-to-take-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0PMC Bank gets some cooperative support, but revival to take time<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> PMC Bank,\u00a0urban cooperative banks, UCBs<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/finance\/pmc-bank-gets-some-cooperative-support-but-revival-to-take-time-121062101539_1.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Business\u00a0Standard<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the regulatory conditions for Urban-Cooperative Banks in India?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Context:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0Centrum-Bharat Pe\u00a0combined and\u00a0takeover\u00a0a\u00a0bankrupt urban cooperative bank.\u00a0The\u00a0RBI\u00a0has\u00a0also\u00a0granted an \u201cin-principle\u201d approval to Centrum Financial Services and\u00a0BharatPe\u00a0to set up a small finance bank (SFB).\u00a0This\u00a0marks the first instance of\u00a0NBFCs, high-net worth individuals\u00a0and\u00a0fintech\u00a0being allowed entry in the\u00a0urban-cooperative bank (UCB)\u00a0space.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Regulatory conditions for\u00a0urban-cooperative bank (UCB):<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"91\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"205\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The RBI in 2019 brought UCBs with assets of Rs 500 crore and above under the Central Repository of Information on Large Credits reporting framework. These banks were also brought under the\u00a0ambit\u00a0of the prompt corrective action (PCA) architecture<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"91\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"206\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0RBI also made it\u00a0mandatory for UCBs with deposits of Rs 100 crore to set up a board for management with the board of directors carrying out the due diligence for their appointment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"91\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"207\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Further, the RBI has been aligning UCB regulation with that of mainstream banks, and has done away with dual regulation with state governments making these banks\u00a0relatively more\u00a0attractive for those with banking ambitions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"91\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"208\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The\u00a0amendment to the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Banking Regulation\u00a0Act (1949)<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0came into force for UCBs with effect from June 29, 2020.\u00a0Section 45 of the amendment\u00a0enables the central bank to reconstruct, or\u00a0amalgamate\u00a0a bank, with or without implementing a moratorium, with central government approval.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"91\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"37\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The word \u201creconstruction\u201d has been given wider connotation to include mergers, acquisitions and takeovers or demergers.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Major\u00a0Committee recommendations\u00a0regarding UCBs<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In 2015\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">R Gandhi Committee\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">recommended\u00a0that a business size of Rs 20,000 crore can be considered as threshold for the voluntary conversion of multi-state UCBs into commercial banks<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Terms to Know:<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"92\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"209\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Urban-Cooperative Bank (UCB)<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"92\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"210\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Small Finance Bank (SFB)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"92\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"211\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">high-net worth individuals (HNIs)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"92\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"212\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Banking Regulation Act<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"92\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"213\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">NBFCs<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-issue-of-msme-financing-gap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The\u00a0issue of MSME financing gap<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>Tags:<\/strong> MSME financing gap, MSME in India,\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.livemint.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=226d03cafdb&amp;imageview=0\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Livemint<\/span><\/b><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Micro, small and medium (MSME) enterprises\u00a0act\u00a0as the backbone of wealthy economies. However, pandemic has worsened the issue of delayed payments for their goods and services. It is causing MSME financing gap.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the issues facing\u00a0MSMEs?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Micro, small and medium (MSME) enterprises are the backbone of a healthily balanced economy.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">They supply components, intermediate\u00a0goods\u00a0and services at competitive prices\u00a0to big companies.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">However, they receive delayed payments for their goods and services. It results in\u00a0large portions\u00a0of working capital being blocked. This issue, coupled with often-inadequate credit at reasonable cost, leaves them financially\u00a0unviable\u00a0and unable to plan for growth.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Further, second wave of covid and its associated lockdowns have again aggravated their situation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As per a recent report,\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Unlocking Credit for India\u2019s Job Creators<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, the total outstanding payments to be made to registered MSMEs by buyers in India could be about \u20b915 trillion.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What are the government measures for MSMEs?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"93\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"214\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The MSME Development Act of 2006<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0proposed guidelines for resolving the problem of delayed payments. Further, the Factoring Regulation Act, 2011, helped\u00a0codify\u00a0the factoring business to address payment delays.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"93\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"215\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Emergency credit support<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0measures have been announced and several compliance requirements have been temporarily relaxed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"93\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"216\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Trade receivables discounting system (TReDS):\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">TReDS\u00a0was\u00a0initiated\u00a0by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This unified platform\u00a0facilitates\u00a0the financing of trade receivables of MSMEs from corporate and other buyers.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"93\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"38\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">TReDS\u00a0provides\u00a0easy access to funds at market-discovered rates of interest. The MSME ministry has mandated the registry on the platform of companies with over \u20b9500 crore in turnover.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"93\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"217\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Some purchasers avoid transacting on\u00a0TReDS\u00a0as they could lose the flexibility of deferring payments to MSME suppliers.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Suggestions<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Jayant Sinha committee:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0A standing committee on finance headed by Jayant Sinha has recommended integrating the\u00a0TReDS\u00a0platform with the GST network\u2019s e-invoicing portal.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"94\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"39\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This would grant buyers and sellers access to e-invoices through a single window for factoring\u00a0and also\u00a0enhance competition and liquidity, reducing the price of factoring.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"94\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"40\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Apart from generating higher volumes of invoices, it would also be desirable to have more financers on these platforms.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">More\u00a0NBFC\u00a0Involvement:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), with their domain\u00a0expertise\u00a0in certain sectors, can easily digest the\u00a0high risk\u00a0of financing invoices from lower-rated firms.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"95\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"41\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">However, an NBFC needs to have 50% of its total assets\/income from the factoring business to register on\u00a0TReDS\u00a0as a \u2018factor\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"95\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"42\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus, government should allow more NBFCs to join the\u00a0TReDS\u00a0by amendments to Factoring Act.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">U.K. Sinha committee:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0U.K. Sinha committee recommended that a credit enhancement mechanism for extending guarantees to the invoices accepted by smaller\/lower-rated corporates be evolved.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Many initiatives have been taken, however the issue of MSME finance gap persists. Thus,\u00a0Industry associations and chambers of commerce must get their members to embrace a culture of payments to MSMEs on time.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/theres-no-easy-victory-in-the-countrys-crypto-cold-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There\u2019s\u00a0no easy victory in\u00a0the country\u2019s crypto\u00a0cold war<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Money and Banking, Internal Security<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tags: <\/span><\/b>Crypto Currency,\u00a0Cryptocurrencies in India<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.livemint.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=2269cfdaa13&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Livemint<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What should be India\u2019s Policy directives with respect to Crypto currencies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India\u2019s Pessimistic attitude towards Crypto currencies<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"103\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"244\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is pessimistic about the use of Cryptocurrencies in India. Consistently, the RBI had highlighted the disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"103\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"245\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Further, in 2019, a high-level intermediate committee constituted by RBI recommended a blanket ban on private cryptocurrencies in India.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"103\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"246\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The pessimistic attitude towards digital currency has led banks, to distance themselves from the crypto community. For example,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"103\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"55\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In May, HDFC Bank warned its customers against virtual currency transactions.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"103\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"56\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Similarly, an RBI circular instructed all businesses to cease any involvement with cryptocurrencies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"&quot;Courier New&quot;\" data-listid=\"103\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"57\" data-aria-level=\"2\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Moreover, State Bank of India has also taken a tough stance on cryptos.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Reasons for India\u2019s Pessimistic attitude<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"104\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"247\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Their prices are highly\u00a0volatile,\u00a0and they pose the risk of a financial bubble.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"104\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"248\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anonymity in the usage that cryptos. it can serve as a\u00a0safe transaction tool\u00a0for cyber criminals.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"104\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"249\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Potential losses of revenue for the government since it is almost impossible to track crypto payments for any tax\u00a0liabilities.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Global Scenario<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"105\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"250\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Globally, cryptocurrency acceptance has been growing. For instance, El Salvador has become the first country in the world to grant Bitcoin legal-tender status.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"105\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"251\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Also, countries like South Korea are implementing legislative frameworks to regulate cryptocurrencies and exchanges.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"105\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"252\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">However, equally there are negative sentiments towards adopting Crypto currencies as a legal Tender. For example, former US President Donald Trump\u00a0didn\u2019t\u00a0back Crypto currencies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"105\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"253\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In India too, some pressure being mounted to acknowledge crypto currencies. For instance, RBI\u2019s 2018 anti-crypto circular was struck down by the Supreme Court. Supreme court\u00a0stated\u00a0that RBI had failed to\u00a0provide\u00a0sufficient proof and detail over losses arising from crypto transactions.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Consequences of India\u2019s disposition towards Crypto currencies: Aggrieved investors<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"106\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"254\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A research report by Bloomberg Intelligence has said that crypto\u2019s technical outlook is strong and its price could surge to $400,000 in 2021.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"106\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"255\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Investors in India fear of\u00a0missing\u00a0the high profits that can be earned through crypto trading.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"106\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"256\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Many customers and crypto investors are taking to social media to express their discontent.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">India\u2019s Position<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"107\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"257\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">India\u2019s is trying to reduce the domestic cryptocurrency sphere to a\u00a0state backed\u00a0CBDC\u00a0(Central Bank Digital Currency).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"107\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"258\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">India is considering the imposition of an effective ban on \u2018private\u2019 digital assets and currencies by enacting the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cryptocurrency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, 2021.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"107\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"259\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">As an alternative to Crypto currencies, India is willing to introduce a\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">central bank digital currency<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0(CBDC).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Way forward<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"108\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"260\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">The global experience suggests that a blanket ban would be\u00a0ineffective,\u00a0and India should consider\u00a0regulating\u00a0them to mitigate systemic risks.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u00b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"108\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"261\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Further, public consultation along with discussion, debate should be held among all stakeholders.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0If India\u2019s cryptocurrency bill is enacted by Parliament in its current form, it would serve RBI\u2019s\u00a0objective. However, it\u00a0won\u2019t\u00a0be a long-lasting and a pragmatic solution.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Good evening dear reader Here is our 9pm current affairs June 22 brief for you today Women as temple priests: An idea whose time has\u00a0come.\u00a0 Source:\u00a0The Indian Express\u00a0 Syllabus:\u00a0Role of women and women\u2019s organization,\u00a0Social\u00a0empowerment\u00a0 Tags: Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, Temple\u00a0Entry\u00a0Movement\u00a0 Context:\u00a0Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Minister PK Sekar Babu\u2019s remark that women could&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-june-22-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 June 22, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"9pm-brief-template.php","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[8032,1542,8033],"class_list":["post-114210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-daily-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-upsc-current-affairs","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/9-PM-Brief-1-e1615452440806.png?fit=600%2C335&ssl=1","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}