{"id":116758,"date":"2021-07-06T19:28:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T13:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=116758"},"modified":"2021-07-06T19:28:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T13:58:48","slug":"will-a-national-judiciary-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/will-a-national-judiciary-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Will a national judiciary work?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=GQ18O53TH.1&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Hindu<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: The article analysis the idea of <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an All India Judicial Service through various judgments and recommendations of committees.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Synopsis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea of an All India Judicial Service (AIJS) is surrounded by impairment of federal powers, language barriers, and debatable efficacy in addressing pendency. Thus, a cautious analysis needs to be done by constitutional experts and legal professionals before its establishment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Background<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union government appears to be devoted in its resolve to implement reforms in recruitment and appointment to the subordinate judicial services.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2019, it spearheaded a consultative process for the creation of the All India Judicial Service (AIJS).\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Initially, only four States and two High Courts supported the proposal. Eight States rejected it, five suggested changes, and 11 are yet to respond.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Constitutional Perspective on Subordinate Judicial Services<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Article 233(1) of the Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It states that appointments, posting, and promotion of district judges in any State shall be made by the Governor of the State in consultation with the state\u2019s High Court.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>42nd Constitutional amendment <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in 1976 amended <\/span><b>Article 312 (1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) empowering Parliament to make laws for the creation of one or more All-India Services. This included the creation of an AIJS common to the Union and the States.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, Clause 3 of Article 312 places a restriction that <\/span><b>such a service shall not include a post inferior to that of a district judge.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment also brought about a significant change in the Seventh Schedule. Entry 3 of List II in its entirety was placed as Entry 11A in List III.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Entry empowers the parliament to enact laws<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with regard to \u2018Administration of Justice; constitution and organisation of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Courts\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Judgements, Opinions, and Commissions over the formation of AIJS<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>11th law commission deliberated upon the objections<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The primary fear was that promotional avenues of the subordinate judiciary would be severely curtailed.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50% of the posts of district judges are to be filled by promotion from the subordinate judicial service. It leaves the remaining posts open for direct recruitment.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another fundamental concern was the language barrier. An outsider would face difficulties in understanding the local language and local concerns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similarly, taking away the fundamental power of the States to govern the appointment of district judges would be <\/span><b>against the principle of federalism and the basic structure doctrine<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some experts believe that <\/span><b>the AIJS will not reduce judicial delays.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Because the reason behind delays is the existence of large vacancies and not the poor quality of judges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>First National Judicial Pay Commission (headed by Justice K. Jagannatha Shetty)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that it would be in the interest and the health of the judiciary to form an AIJS. The report supported and reiterated the recommendations of the 14th Law Commission.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue was again discussed in <\/span><b>All India Judges Association Vs. Union of India (2002)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The court accepted most recommendations of the Shetty Commission and directed the government to implement the judgment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Law Minister has supported AIJS to be <\/span><b>an ideal solution for equal representation of the marginalised and deprived sections of society.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most States already have a reservation policy in force. Tamil Nadu provides for a roster-based reservation of 69%, of which 30% is for women.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uttar Pradesh merely provides 20% reservation for women and the AIJS may therefore benefit States like U.P.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Way Ahead<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The feasibility of the AIJS in the current context requires to be studied, especially when reliance is placed upon archaic reports of the Law Commission.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is for the Union to dispel doubts and at the same time give wings to the aspirations of all stakeholders when implementing the proposal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: The Hindu\u00a0 Relevance: The article analysis the idea of an All India Judicial Service through various judgments and recommendations of committees.\u00a0 Synopsis: The idea of an All India Judicial Service (AIJS) is surrounded by impairment of federal powers, language barriers, and debatable efficacy in addressing pendency. Thus, a cautious analysis needs to be done&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/will-a-national-judiciary-work\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Will a national judiciary work?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10322,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-116758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":2,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1701196151},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10322"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116758\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}