{"id":11833,"date":"2017-11-07T12:11:03","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T06:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=11833"},"modified":"2017-11-06T12:13:13","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T06:43:13","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-november-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-november-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 November 6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q1) \u00a0In the context of Severe Acute Malnutrition, what is Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF)? What are the reasons that RUTF is gaining faith across many countries? why is India still reluctant to bring it into practice? (GS-1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>What is Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF)?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a high-energy, micronutrient enhanced paste used to treat children under age 5 who are affected by severe acute malnutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RUTF is a packaged paste of peanuts, oil, sugar, vitamins, milk powder and mineral supplements, which contains 520-550 kilocalories of energy per 100 g.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional ingredients may include nuts, legumes, grains and sweeteners to improve the taste.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The paste is given to children aged between six months and six years, usually after a doctor\u2019s prescription.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Pros of Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a practical solution where cooking facilities and fuel are limited.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RUTF has a long shelf life and is safe for use even in the absence of clean drinking water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The use of RUTF allows those children without medical complications to be cured right in their own homes and communities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>How it works?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this approach, community health workers are trained in early detection to recognize cases of severe acute malnutrition and provide RUTF and routine medical care.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time, health workers learn to recognize medical complications and refer those children to hospitals and health centres for further inpatient treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The importance of the community-based approach is that early detection and early treatment leads to better rates of survival and the treatment of many more children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also empowers communities and is much more cost-effective than inpatient treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the cons of Ready-to-use therapeutic food for which India is reluctant to bring it into practice<\/b><strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concerns have been raised that the use of RUTF may replace nutritional traditional practices and family foods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government has no enough evidence for the long term benefits of RUTFs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because once RUTF was stopped, children often slipped back into malnutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, RUTF may improve recovery slightly, but it\u2019s not known that whether RUTF improves relapse, death or weight gain as the quality of evidence was very low.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is high cost involved in purchasing RUTFs packets which are not feasible for a longer run.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are chances of corruption by the intervention commercial exploitation beyond the treatment of severe acute malnutrition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies have proven that children who were given URTF found it too heavy to eat anything else afterward.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Usage of Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RUTF was first introduced in situations of humanitarian emergencies during the early 2000s when access was a considerable barrier to expanding coverage of inpatient treatment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its application within Community Management Of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) \u2013 an inter-agency strategy supported by WHO, the World Food Programme, the UN Standing Committee on Nutrition and UNICEF \u2013 has resulted in a sharp rise in programme coverage and children treated successfully.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, 61 countries have some form of treatment for severe acute malnutrition with a community component available, compared to just 9 in 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) What are &#8216;three-mile challenges&#8217; for the implementation of JAM (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile)? Explain the measures that can be taken against these challenges. (GS -1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>What is JAM?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JAM (short for Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) trinity refers to the government of India initiative to link Jan Dhan accounts, Mobile numbers and Aadhar cards of Indians to plug the leakages of government subsidies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the challenges for implementation of JAM?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Survey divides JAM issues \u00a0into three components-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Identification or First-Mile: \u00a0Identification of beneficiaries by government<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfer or Middle-Mile: Transfer of fund to beneficiaries by government<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Access or Last-Mile: Access of fund by beneficiaries<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The challenges of these components are as follows:l<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First-mile has issues of ghost and duplicate names due to administrative and political discretion and use of pre-Aadhaar database. \u00a0beneficiary eligibility and identification as a first mile challenge has been acknowledged.It points to the need for beneficiary databases and the fact that the \u201caccuracy and legitimacy of beneficiary databases have been hampered by the administrative and political discretion involved in grating identity proofs\u201d. Indeed, the reason why the rollout of the National Food Security Act was extremely delayed was the fact that many state governments were reluctant to clean up and digitise their beneficiary databases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The middle-mile challenge relates to coordination within the government \u2013 the lesser number of departments involved in administering a particular subsidy, the easier it is to roll out DBT. In the case of domestic fuel, for example, DBT was easier in the case of LPG because only the union petroleum ministry and the oil marketing companies (and their distributor. Main issue in this layer is of within-government coordination and dealing with supply chain interest groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last-mile layer faces issues of lesser Bank penetration, mostly in rural areas.The last-mile challenge is a significant one, which both supporters and critics of DBT have often flagged \u2013 the problem of banking infrastructure in rural areas and the failure of the banking correspondent model to take off. The Survey admits that \u201cdespite Jan Dhan Yojana\u2019s record breaking feats, basic savings account penetration in most states is still relatively low\u201d (46 per cent on average) and that mobile payments has not quite taken off in the rural areas. It also deals with issues of exclusion of genuine beneficiaries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Other challenges are as follows:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The process of putting new infrastructure in place can be extremely disruptive, as lack of education will make it difficult to understand new procedures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aadhar accounts are not sufficiently opened as certain issues like privacy are affecting its credibility<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some concerns about the effectiveness of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to all schemes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example: farmers are criticising they it would be difficult to pay high upfront costs for fertiliser and then wait for payments through banks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the measures to be taken?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Survey argues that policymakers should decide where to apply JAM based on two considerations of:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amount of leakages: If amount of the leakages in a given scheme\/area is huge then it can be next target for introduction of JAM as subsidies with higher leakages will have larger returns from introducing JAM.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Control of the central government: Control of central government will reduce administrative challenges of co-ordination and political challenges of opposition by interest groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finance ministry should provide adequate and timely disbursement of transaction processing charges for the bank and agent network.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There should be an increase in penetration of banks and financial institutions in rural areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strict monitoring of subsidy routes is to be maintained. Any suspicious activity should be thoroughly investigated by vigilance agencies<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banking Corresponding agents can be used to educate farmers not to fall into traps of moneylenders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is need for infrastructure like cellular towers, cheap mobile plans because without mobile connectivity JAM would be meaningless.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government should see to it that various schemes like Smart City, Skill India, Digital India, Make In India are integrated with JAM and DBT so that less leakage and more productive results are achieved faster.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) \u00a0What is the &#8220;New Mission-Based Deployment Plan&#8221; by the Indian Navy? \u00a0Also highlight the major maritime challenges faced by India. (GS-2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Indian Navy\u2019s mission based deployment:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Navy has approved new mission-based deployment plan for deploying mission-ready ships and aircraft along critical sea lanes of communications and choke points in Indian Ocean Region (IOR).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Objective of the mission:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under this mission-based deployment plan, Indian Navy\u2019s 14-15 ships will be deployed year-round in region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These deployments are expected to meet any eventuality across spectrum of operations ranging from acts of maritime terrorism and piracy to Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) missions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This also aims at maintaining 24\/7 and round the year vigil with ships being sustained and turned around on station.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The areas where these ships and corvettes and surveillance aircraft are being deployed include the Malacca Strait, North Andaman Sea, Andaman Sea, Andaman Sea including Bangladesh and Myanmar, Lakshadweep islands and Maldives, besides Madagascar and Persian Gulf.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These vessels will monitor increased Chinese presence in these areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Major maritime challenges faced by India:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian security establishment is on high alert to tackle the newest frontier of terror \u2013 Maritime Terrorism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The terrorist organisations could misuse hundreds of Indian fishing boats seized over the years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Piracy is part of a maritime insecurity environment in which different threats and forms of transnational organized crime, in particular fishery crimes, are linked.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sea provides an easy way for international crime syndicates, unscrupulous traders and non-state actors to distribute their wares, or to provide belligerents with highly sophisticated weapons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s land and marine boundaries is also exposed to infiltration by terrorists\/militants and large scale illegal migration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The frequent straying of fishermen into neighbouring country waters has not only jeopardised the safety of the fishermen but has also raised national security concerns.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives\u00a0 Q1) \u00a0In the context of Severe Acute Malnutrition, what is Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF)? What are the reasons that RUTF is gaining faith across many countries? why is India still reluctant to bring it into practice? (GS-1) What is Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF)? Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is a high-energy, micronutrient enhanced paste used&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-november-6\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 November 6<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704733277},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11833"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11833\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}