{"id":122074,"date":"2021-07-29T18:41:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T13:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=122074"},"modified":"2021-07-29T18:41:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T13:11:07","slug":"a-judgment-that-must-be-taken-in-the-right-spirit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-judgment-that-must-be-taken-in-the-right-spirit\/","title":{"rendered":"A judgment that must be taken in the right spirit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=G0T8QK775.1&amp;imageview=0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Hindu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Relevance: Judgment is related to the procedures and steps required to enact a particular bill.<\/p>\n<h5><b>Synopsis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The striking down of the 97th Amendment is a reminder that the power to regulate cooperatives must stay with States.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Background<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 97th Constitutional Amendment came into effect on February 15, 2012, and brought about <\/span><b>many changes to the legal regime of cooperative societies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, it was recently<\/span><b> struck down by the Supreme court in a limited manner in the Union of India vs Rajendra N. Shah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> case.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>About the 97th Constitutional amendment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment added \u201ccooperative societies\u201d to the protected forms of association under <\/span><b>Article 19(1)(c)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, elevating it to a fundamental right.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also inserted <\/span><b>Part IXB in the Constitution <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which laid down the terms by which cooperative societies would be governed, in more granular detail than was palatable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>How to amend the constitution?<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be amended only by the procedure provided in <\/span><b>Article 368<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment procedure requires<\/span><b> a majority of the total strength of each of the Houses of Parliament and two-thirds majority of those present and voting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A proviso to the Article lists out <\/span><b>some articles and chapters of the Constitution, which can be amended only by a special procedure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The special procedure requires that the amendment will also have to be <\/span><b>ratified by the legislatures of half of the States.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Why was the amendment challenged?<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The challengers pointed towards the procedural lacuna in passing the amendment. They said the <\/span><b>government failed to ratify the amendment from at least half the states <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as per the proviso of Article 368.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The proviso desires ratification whenever there is a change in the distribution of powers between the Centre and the States.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Judgement of Courts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gujarat High Court (2013)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><b>It struck down the amendment in 2013<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the grounds that it had <\/span><b>failed to comply with the requirements under Article 368(2). Because it was not <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ratified by the States.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It had also given an additional finding that <\/span><b>the 97th Amendment violated the basic structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Constitution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Government challenged the Gujarat High Court judgment before the Supreme Court. It argued that the amendment neither directly nor effectively <\/span><b>changed the scheme of distribution of powers between the Centre and the States.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Supreme Court (July 2021): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The court took the example of the 73rd and 74th Amendments which introduced the chapters on panchayats and municipalities, respectively.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those amendments, similar in impact on the legislative power of the States, had been passed by the special procedure involving ratification by State legislatures.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The court noted that <\/span><b>the procedure had not been followed in this case<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It <\/span><b>did not go into the question<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the amendment being violative of the <\/span><b>basic structure of the Constitution.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Hence it struck down provisions related to it.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Way Forward<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cooperative sector has always been in the domain of the States or provinces.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The organising principles and mechanisms of these cooperatives differ from area to area. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They depend on the industry or crop which forms the fulcrum of the cooperative.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hence, it is best that the Government takes this judgement in the right spirit. It should stay away from further meddling in the cooperative sector, notwithstanding the creation of the new Ministry.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: The Hindu Relevance: Judgment is related to the procedures and steps required to enact a particular bill. Synopsis: The striking down of the 97th Amendment is a reminder that the power to regulate cooperatives must stay with States. Background: The 97th Constitutional Amendment came into effect on February 15, 2012, and brought about many&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/a-judgment-that-must-be-taken-in-the-right-spirit\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">A judgment that must be taken in the right spirit<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10322,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[212],"class_list":["post-122074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-gs-paper-2","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10322"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122074"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122074\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}