{"id":125014,"date":"2021-08-10T19:04:48","date_gmt":"2021-08-10T13:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=125014"},"modified":"2021-08-21T17:15:12","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T11:45:12","slug":"migration-from-factories-to-farms-a-sign-of-distress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/migration-from-factories-to-farms-a-sign-of-distress\/","title":{"rendered":"Migration from factories to farms, a sign of distress"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/opinion\/migration-from-factories-to-farms-121080901309_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Business Standard\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Synopsis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government&#8217;s<\/span><b> Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">report shows a sharp increase in employment in agriculture. It has increased to 45.6% in 2019-20, compared to 42.5% of the total employment in 2018-19. This is a sign of distress as migration to agriculture has been due to compulsion and not in wake of better opportunities.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Background<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government&#8217;s Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) report shows a sharp <strong>increase in employment in agriculture<\/strong> from 2018-19 to 2019-20.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The survey findings show a similar trend as shown by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE\u2019s) &#8211; Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS). The CPHS also showed a rise in agricultural employment and a decline in manufacturing jobs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>About Periodic Labour Force Survey:<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The PLFS is an annual survey conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was started in 2017, and it essentially maps the state of employment.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In doing so, it collects data on variables such as the level of unemployment, the types of employment and their respective shares, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Key Findings of the Survey<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A sharp increase in employment in agriculture is witnessed, from 42.5% of the total employment in 2018-19 to 45.6% in 2019-20<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The biggest increase in employment in 2019-20, within agriculture, was largely among women. Nearly 60% of all employed women were engaged in agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the PLFS, the share of manufacturing in total employment fell from 12.1% to 11.2%.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of all the specific sectors for which PLFS provides data, the manufacturing sector saw the biggest fall (0.9 percentage points).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next largest loser is construction (0.5 percentage points).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And then it is transport, storage and communication (0.3 percentage points).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><b>Analyzing the Key Findings:<\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>reverse migration from factories to farms has enhanced<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to a reduced growth rate in the economy and the job losses due to the Pandemic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further, such a large shift of labour in favour of agriculture <\/span><b>is involuntary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is a sign of distress in the labour market, where non-agricultural sectors are unable to provide employment and labour is forced to shift to agriculture.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The forced or at least involuntary nature of this migration is evident from the wages data provided by the PLFS.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salaried jobs provide wages of the order of Rs.16,780 per month which translate into wage rates of Rs.558 per day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>In comparison, casual labour which is the type of employment provided by agriculture yields much lower wages <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 of the order of Rs.291 per day.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The safety net provided by agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reduces the political pressure that widespread unemployment could have created.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presence of a huge number of females in the agriculture sector shows the <\/span><b>domination of poor quality of employment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that women get in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can also be deduced that large parts of employment from the relatively <\/span><b>unorganised construction sector and the unorganised manufacturing sector moved into agriculture.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Government efforts to boost manufacturing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through production linked incentives or liquidity support to medium and small scale enterprises <\/span><b>have not been effective <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in stemming the decline of manufacturing in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: Business Standard\u00a0 Synopsis: The government&#8217;s Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) report shows a sharp increase in employment in agriculture. It has increased to 45.6% in 2019-20, compared to 42.5% of the total employment in 2018-19. This is a sign of distress as migration to agriculture has been due to compulsion and not in wake&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/migration-from-factories-to-farms-a-sign-of-distress\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Migration from factories to farms, a sign of distress<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10322,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1230,9],"tags":[312,216,8861,8874,385,9002],"class_list":["post-125014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pm-daily-articles","category-public","tag-employment","tag-gs-paper-3","tag-migrants-issues","tag-plfs-survey","tag-population-and-associated-issues","tag-reverse-migration","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704668325},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10322"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125014"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125014\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}