{"id":131600,"date":"2021-09-04T21:00:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-04T15:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=131600"},"modified":"2021-09-06T10:56:56","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T05:26:56","slug":"9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-september-4th-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-september-4th-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 September 4th, 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content-box-red\">Dear Friends,<br \/>\nWe have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs.\u00a0What we sought to do:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today\u2019s newspaper are readily available to you.<\/li>\n<li>We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and adds value not just for GS but also for essay writing. Hence, the 9 PM brief now covers the following newspapers:\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The Hindu\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Indian Express\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Livemint\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Business Standard\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Times of India\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>We have also introduced the relevance part to every article. This ensures that you know why a particular article is important.<\/li>\n<li>Since these changes are new, so initially the number of articles might increase, but they&#8217;ll go down over time.<\/li>\n<li>It is our endeavor to provide you with the best content and your feedback is essential for the same. We will be anticipating your feedback and ensure the blog serves as an optimal medium of learning for all the aspirants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For previous editions of 9 PM Brief<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-brief\/\">Click Here<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>For individual articles of 9 PM Brief<\/strong>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/daily-current-affairs-summaries-for-upsc-exam\/\">Click Here<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-white text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mains Oriented Articles\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#gs11\">Why a Caste Census is needed-and why it may not see light of the day<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>GS Paper 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#gs21\">Govt-industry talks on proposed FTAs with EU-Australia at premature stage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs22\">What ails India\u2019s coronavirus genome sequencing system<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs23\">From Four to 500: How citizens joined naturally to save nature in Kharghar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gs24\">Delhi government shouldn\u2019t congratulate itself on CCTV coverage<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-white text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#f1\">India\u2019s 1st N-missile tracking ship Dhruv to be launched on Sept 10<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f2\">India and US sign Project Agreement for Air-Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f3\">Explained: How the Supreme Court judges are appointed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f4\">Experts flag diversion of fresh water from Brahmani river<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f5\">DCGI approves clinical trials of Biological E. Covid-19 vaccine CORBEVAX<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f6\">Footprints of 3 dinosaur species found in Thar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f7\">Impact of Aerosols and Clouds on Solar Energy generation leading to financial loss<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f8\">Army conducts exercise with armoured elements in Ladakh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f9\">Union Minister launches \u201cAYUSH AAPKE DWAR\u201d Campaign at Ayush Ministry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f10\">Indian Railways rolls out Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) over 156 Health facilities across Indian Railways<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f11\">Hansa New Generation (NG) aircraft, designed and developed by CSIR-NAL, successfully make its maiden flight<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f12\">Scientists develop bio-methanation technology for integrated treatment of sewage, organic solid waste<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#f13\">Govt sets exports target for textile industry at $100 bn, up from $33 bn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-red text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Mains Oriented Articles<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>GS Paper 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/why-a-caste-census-is-needed-and-why-it-may-not-see-light-of-the-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why a Caste Census is needed-and why it may not see light of the day<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong>This post is based on the article&#8221; <strong>Why a Caste Census is needed-and why it may not see light of the day&#8221;\u00a0<\/strong>published in the\u00a0<strong>Indian Express\u00a0<\/strong>on\u00a0<strong>4th September 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><strong>yllabus: GS 2 \u2013 <\/strong>Fundamental Rights<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>To understand the reservation policy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis<\/strong>: Although caste-based census would provide up-to-date data to calibrate reservation, it also threatens social justice as it can roll back the discrimination regime.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Recently, the Indian Parliament passed the 127th Constitution Amendment Bill, 2021. It overrides the Supreme Court\u2019s (SC) interpretation of the 102nd Constitutional Amendment.<\/p>\n<p>SC judgment in the Maratha case had concluded that the 102nd Constitution Amendment curtailed the state government\u2019s power to identify backward classes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/maratha-reservation-and-the-reservation-policy-in-india-explained-pointwise\/\">Maratha reservations and Reservation policy in India<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/cabinet-passes-bill-restoring-power-of-states-to-make-their-own-obc-lists\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cabinet passes bill restoring power of states to make their own OBC lists<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>What are the limitations of this Statute?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Firstly<\/strong>, A 50% limit on caste-based quotas (<a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-mandal-case-and-reservation-in-india-explained-pointwise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indra Sawhney Judgment<\/a>) imposes a serious limitation on states\u2019 power to expand the composition of backward class beneficiaries. This is because in most States the existing quotas for SC, ST, OBC and SBC already breach this benchmark.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Secondly,<\/strong> The rise of the private sector coupled with the privatisation of Public Sectors Undertakings has led to the erosion of the public sector jobs. This also impacted the reservation framework.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, between 2011-12 and 2017-18, due to a fall in employment of 2.2 lakh jobs in Central Public Sector Enterprises, the reduction in employment of SCs amounted to 33,000 jobs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thirdly<\/strong>, the introduction of a 10% quota in 2019 for economically weaker sections (EWS) has altered the standard definition of backwardness. By setting an income limit of \u20b98,00,000 per annum, the government has made this quota accessible to about 99% of the upper castes \u2013 not just the poor.<\/p>\n<p>This issue is further compounded by the reluctance of the Government to enumerate OBCs in the Caste Census.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is the need for a caste-based census?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This would help in analysing the accomplishments and limitations of reservation policies. It would show the gap between economic and social capital holdings within and between the general category as well as the reserved sections. It would also help in revising the benchmark for social, economic and educational backwardness. Further, it would help in authenticating the findings and recommendations of Union and state-level backward caste commissions.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/caste-based-census-in-india\/\">Caste based census in India<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Lastly, a caste census would facilitate compliance with recent court decisions. For example,<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chebrolu L Prasad v State of AP (2020<\/strong>) case: The court directed the Centre to periodically revise the list of reservation beneficiaries based on sound data and evidence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Davinder Singh v State of Punjab (2020)<\/strong> case: The judgment opened the question of sub-classification within the SC category. Thus, raising the need for credible data on internal differentiation and sophisticated educational and occupational profiles.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the move of passing the power to enumerate OBC\u2019s to State\u2019s may not solve the problem of affirmative action for the backward classes. The larger need is for evidence-based policymaking backed by caste census data.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>GS Paper 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/govt-industry-talks-on-proposed-ftas-with-eu-australia-at-premature-stage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Govt-industry talks on proposed FTAs with EU-Australia at premature stage<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Govt-industry talks on proposed FTAs with EU-Australia at premature stage <\/strong>\u201cpublished in <strong>Business Standard<\/strong> on <strong>4<sup>th<\/sup> September 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: <\/strong>GS3 \u2013 Issues related to External sector<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: Free trade agreement and Exports<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>FTAs are important for boosting exports and India should try to take a step in the right direction by signing mini trade deals.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>According to sources from Industries, discussions with the government regarding proposed trade deals with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the United Kingdom (UK) have already kicked off.<\/p>\n<p>India hopes to kick-start FTA negotiations with the UK by the end of December. Recently, a joint statement by <strong>India and UK<\/strong> said that they agree to be ambitious in the forthcoming FTA negotiations.<\/p>\n<p>As far as the<strong> UAE<\/strong> is concerned, India is aiming to finalize a comprehensive trade deal by December.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must Read<\/strong>: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/free-trade-agreements-fta-challenges-opportunities-explained-pointwise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Free Trade Agreements &#8211; Explained<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>However, with respect to countries such as the <strong>European Union (EU), Australia,<\/strong> the discussion with industry is at a premature state.<\/p>\n<p>With regard to<strong> U.S,<\/strong> it has indicated that it is not considering a new trade agreement with India.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>How FTAs with EU, the US, Australia, and the UK will benefit India?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Make India\u2019s exports competitive<\/strong>: Currently<strong>,<\/strong> Indian is losing out to other manufacturing competing nations like Bangladesh, who currently have a 10-12 per cent price advantage due to their <strong>concession agreement<\/strong> with countries such as the UK. Hence, FTAs with the EU, the US, Australia, and the UK would be a win-win situation.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is the way forward?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>According to Industry Experts, signing mini trade deals can be a good strategy to begin with, before signing a full-fledged deal. Till now, India has signed an <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/welcome-rethink-on-ftas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>early harvest deal<\/strong><\/a><\/span> with <strong>Thailand <\/strong>and<strong> Singapore<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Early harvest agreement can be a good strategy because first it will help us to start the FTA in a limited way. Over a period of time, as industries give more negotiating room to the government, the list can be expanded.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/what-ails-indias-coronavirus-genome-sequencing-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What ails India\u2019s coronavirus genome sequencing system<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What ails India\u2019s coronavirus genome sequencing system<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201c published in\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Down to Earth<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0on\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">th<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0September<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a02021.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Syllabus: <\/span><\/b>GS3<span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Relevance<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">:\u00a0Applications of Biotechnology<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Synopsis:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sequencing and analysis of the novel coronavirus, a crucial step in infection containment strategy, declined sharply in India, even as cases of the resultant disease continued to rise.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Introduction<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">India formed the\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indian SARS-CoV-2 Consortium on Genomics<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (INSACOG), a consortium of 10 genome sequencing labs, in December 2020 to boost efforts for genome sequencing. The number of labs involved in coronavirus sequencing since then has gone up to 28.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Despite government efforts, the number of coronavirus samples sequenced and analysed in the country <strong>went down by 76%<\/strong> in July. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must Read<\/strong>: <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/genome-sequencing\/\">What is genomic sequencing?<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Whereas, the United Kingdom and the United States have sequenced and shared data for 866,000 and 755,000 samples already, according to GISAID, a global, open-access online repository of genomic data. India has sequenced only 82,000 samples, a meager <strong>0.2% <\/strong>of its cumulative cases. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">More than 100 countries have sequenced a greater share of samples than India.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f7f2f2;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Must read:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/how-the-genome-sequencing-works\/\">How Genome sequencing works?<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">How new guidelines hampered the process of sequencing and analysis of the novel coronavirus?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Initial guidelines from the central government aimed to analyse 5% of all positive samples from each state. This method is known as <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2018randomised surveillance\u2019.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">However,\u00a0four months later, the government decided to change the policy. Only\u00a0300 samples\u00a0were decided to\u00a0be sent from every state to genome sequencing labs every month. This is called\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2018sentinel site surveillance\u2019.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The government justified the move saying, as cases were rising exponentially at that time, a 5% sequencing would put a lot of load on the sequencing labs. Further, the revision was according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for genome sequencing.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What is the WHO\u2019s recommendation\u00a0in this regard?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WHO never discouraged\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">random surveillance<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and even said it is the more sensitive\u00a0method.\u00a0WHO has suggested\u00a0Sentinel<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0surveillance\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to\u00a0be adopted by countries that have \u2018minimal lab\u00a0capacity.\u00a0Further, WHO had outrightly said that\u00a0Sentinel surveillance might not be the best representation, contrary to what the government claimed.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What issues and challenges are faced by India\u2019s coronavirus genome sequencing system?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Firstly,<\/strong>\u00a0only two states (Maharashtra and Kerala) have genome sequencing facilities of their own. The rest of the country has to send samples to INSACOG labs run by the Centre.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Secondly,\u00a0<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">it is difficult for a country as big as India to sequence a greater number of samples due to a high caseload.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Thirdly,<\/strong>\u00a0according to\u00a0scientist working at an INSACOG lab,<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">many\u00a0labs, do not get an adequate number of quality samples either in time or with scientific parameters intact.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><strong>Fourthly<\/strong>,\u00a0India has\u00a0long\u00a0turnaround time.\u00a0The UK with 410,000 sequences had uploaded raw data within 16 days on an\u00a0average. Whereas, India takes\u00a0about 57 days<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why the sequencing data needs to be in public domain?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The WHO has informed that the data of any sequencing done anywhere in the world should be submitted to open-access platforms like GISAID. This will allow a sequence done in one part of the world to be looked at by the global scientific community. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If sequences are not shared in the public domain timely, it may <strong>defeat the purpose of sequencing<\/strong> because by the time the sequence is uploaded, it would have undergone\u00a0several mutations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Also, a\u00a0scientist outside the government setup will not be able to see the nature or location of mutations in the genome sequence of the virus unless raw data is posted.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/from-four-to-500-how-citizens-joined-naturally-to-save-nature-in-kharghar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From Four to 500: How citizens joined naturally to save nature in Kharghar<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong>This post is based on the article &#8220;<strong>From Four to 500: How citizens joined naturally to save nature in Kharghar<\/strong>&#8221; published in <strong>The Times of India\u00a0<\/strong>on <strong>4th September 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 3 &#8211;<\/strong> Conservation of Biodiversity and Environment<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>Social initiatives to save nature.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Synopsis: <\/strong>A small group of dedicated volunteers has managed to save Khargar wetlands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Where is <\/strong><strong>Kharghar wetland located?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It lies within Navi Mumbai. It is home to multiple species with natural environments like hills, green mangroves and lush grasslands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why this wetland was in danger?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kharghar lakes were in danger of being encroached on and built over by brick kilns, shrimp farmers and slum extensions. The other reasons were human-made factors like man-made fires, air pollution from chemical units and brick kilns etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What conservation efforts helped in saving Kharghar?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Word of mouth communication &amp; use of Social media:<\/strong> This mode helped to encourage people to join the efforts. Conservators grew into a big group, with IIT researchers, photographers, animal activists, retired officials, birders, writers, lawyers etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Help from officials: <\/strong>The help of officials of the Forest department, Municipal Corporation and other state agencies were taken for guidance and administrative support.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Judicial steps: <\/strong>Bombay High Court-appointed mangroves and wetlands protection panels to ensure that local spots rich with biodiversity receive protection and care.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regular Checks<\/strong>: This was done to pre-empt encroachment and avoid illegal activities like quarrying, lighting fires on the hills or dumping debris in the water bodies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Collaboration<\/strong>: Events have been organised around Kharghar\u2019s natural treasures and collaboration with similar citizens groups.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What was the result of these conservation efforts?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Due to the above-mentioned activities, three Kharghar wetlands are included in the National Wetlands Atlas. Further, they also got listed in the Collector\u2019s protected list.<\/p>\n<p>Kharghar wetlands and hills group has also documented over 200 bird species like smooth-coated otters, black-headed ibis, painted storks and several IUCN Vulnerable category birds.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"gs24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/delhi-government-shouldnt-congratulate-itself-on-cctv-coverage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Delhi government shouldn\u2019t congratulate itself on CCTV coverage<\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"content-box-blue\">\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong>This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Delhi government shouldn\u2019t congratulate itself on CCTV coverage<\/strong>\u201d published in the\u00a0<strong>Indian Express<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<strong>4<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0September 2021.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Syllabus: GS 3 \u2013 Challenges to internal security through communication networks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>This article explains the challenges associated with the installation of CCTVs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">Synopsis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rather than deterring crime, the surveillance projects compromise women\u2019s safety and the liberties of all citizens.<\/p>\n<h5>Introduction<\/h5>\n<p>Recently the Delhi government has reported that Delhi beat cities like Shanghai, New York and London with the most CCTV cameras per square mile across the world. The government has also mentioned that Delhi has 1,826 CCTVs per square mile, ranking it above 150 global cities.<\/p>\n<p>The first and foremost reason provided by the Delhi government for the mass installation of CCTVs is to<strong> improve public safety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Does CCTVs reduce crime and improve public safety?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is <strong>no public data available on how CCTVs contribute to a reduction in violent crimes or make policing more efficient<\/strong>. Similarly, there are <strong>no feasibility reports or any evidence-based research<\/strong> to support such a massive installation of CCTVs.<\/p>\n<p>A Comparitech study mentions that \u201ca higher number of cameras just barely correlate with a lower crime index.\u201d Another study from the Internet Democracy Project in Bengaluru reveals that <strong>CCTV footage had not helped in even a single case of sexual harassment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are the other challenges associated with the installation of CCTVs?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>The longevity of the CCTVs<\/strong>: The CCTVs will require fixed one-time costs and will include replacement, repairs, maintenance, provision of internet and electricity. An audit by the CAG points out that, of the 3,870 CCTVs installed by the Delhi Police from 2008 to 2015, feeds are available only for 22-48 per cent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>No legal framework<\/strong>: There is no underlying legal framework for the use of CCTVs. In Delhi, all that exists is a <strong>one-page standard operating procedure (SOP)<\/strong>, issued by the Public Works Department of Delhi. The SOP also does <strong>not contain any data protection principles or security practices<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The cost of the project<\/strong>: Delhi government spent almost \u20b91200 crores for the installation. Apart from Delhi, other Indian cities such as Chennai, Mumbai are also pursuing the surveillance race. They&#8217;re also spending huge money on installing CCTVs. This money can be used for other better purposes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Efficient in curbing individual rights<\/strong>: Internet Democracy Project study reveals that CCTV footages were <strong>used to identify \u201ctroublemakers\u201d to prevent workers from organising and demanding labour protections<\/strong>. This is <strong>against the concept of individual autonomy<\/strong> as articulated by the Supreme Court in the <strong>Puttaswamy judgment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>China uses digital surveillance for behavioural modification and assigning a social credit score for individuals. India has to be cautious about promoting CCTV programmes, that undermine fiscal prudence and civil liberties.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p-3 mb-2 bg-info text-red text-center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Prelims Oriented Articles (Factly)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/indias-1st-n-missile-tracking-ship-dhruv-to-be-launched-on-sept-10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India\u2019s 1st N-missile tracking ship Dhruv to be launched on Sept 10<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the news?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p>National Security Advisor is expected to commission India\u2019s <strong>first satellite and ballistic<\/strong> <strong>missile<\/strong> tracking ship <strong>Dhruv from Visakhapatnam<\/strong> on September 10.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">Dhruv is <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">built by Hindustan Shipyard<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\"> in collaboration with Defence Research and Development Organisation (<\/span><strong style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">DRDO<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">) and National Technical Research Organisation (<\/span><strong style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">NTRO<\/strong><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are some key features of INS Dhruv?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Mapping<\/strong>: It has the capability to also <strong>map ocean beds<\/strong> for research and detection of enemy submarines.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enhanced surveillance capabilities:<\/strong> INS Dhruv is equipped with DRDO developed state-of-the-art active scanned <strong>array radar<\/strong> or AESA. It has the ability to scan various spectrums to monitor spy satellites watching over India, as well as monitor missile tests in the entire region.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Surveillance<\/strong>: The ship will be a vital key to maritime domain awareness in the Indo-Pacific and is being commissioned at the time when the era of underwater armed and surveillance drones has dawned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Real time warning system<\/strong>: It will act as an <strong>early warning system<\/strong> for enemy missiles headed towards Indian cities and military establishments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Control<\/strong>: The <strong>nuclear missile tracking ship<\/strong> will be manned by Indian Navy personnel with the <strong>Strategic Forces Command<\/strong> (SFC).<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Why is Dhruv significant?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Strategic significance:<\/strong> Both China and Pakistan having nuclear ballistic missile capability and land disputes with India.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Counter China<\/strong>: China has moved to s<strong>ea-based military doctrin<\/strong>e with huge investments in long-range aircraft carriers, warships and submarines. Dhruv will help India\u2019s electronic intelligence-gathering spy agency, the NTRO, to project threat to India in real-time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Maritime defence<\/strong>: It will act as a major <strong>force multiplier<\/strong> to India\u2019s maritime security architecture as well add to the capability to understand the true missile capability of the adversary when they test their ballistic missiles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>India joins Premier League of Nations<\/strong>: The 10,000-tonne ship will be at the heart of India\u2019s future anti-ballistic missile capability. Such ships are operated by <strong>France, the US, the UK, Russia<\/strong>, and <strong>China<\/strong> only.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Net security provider<\/strong>: It will add to the Indian Navy\u2019s capability to <strong>monitor the region<\/strong> from the Gulf of Aden to the ingress routes to the South China Sea via Malacca, Sunda, Lombok, Ombai and Wetar straits.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mapping ocean floor<\/strong>: it will help in mapping the Indian Ocean bed to help the Indian Navy <strong>plan better military operations<\/strong> in all three dimensions\u2014sub-surface, surface and aerial.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>India\u2019s 1st N-missile tracking ship Dhruv to be launched on Sept 10<\/strong>\u201d published in <b>Hindustan Times<\/b>\u00a0on <strong>4th September<\/strong> <strong>2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/india-and-us-sign-project-agreement-for-air-launched-unmanned-aerial-vehicle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India and US sign Project Agreement for Air-Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong>This post is based on the following articles:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&#8220;India and US sign Project Agreement for Air-Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle&#8221; <\/strong>published in the <strong>PIB <\/strong>on <strong>3<sup>rd<\/sup> September 2021.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8220;India, US sign project agreement on air-launched UAV&#8221; <\/strong>published in<strong> The Hindu <\/strong>on <strong>4<sup>th<\/sup> September 2021.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">What is the news?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: var(--global--color-background); color: var(--global--color-primary); font-family: var(--global--font-secondary); font-size: var(--global--font-size-base);\">Recently, India &amp; the US signed the Project Agreement (PA) for Air-Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (ALUAV).<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is this project about?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>This is a project is signed between the <strong>Ministry of Defence &amp; the US Department of Defence <\/strong>under the <strong>Defence Technology &amp; Trade Initiative (DTTI). <\/strong>It is considered a major accomplishment for DTTI.<\/p>\n<p>The project falls under the <strong>Research, Development, Testing and Evaluation (RDT&amp;E<\/strong>). For this, MoU between the Ministry of Defence and the US Department of Defence was first signed in January 2006 and renewed in January 2015.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Why this move is considered significant?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The agreement is a significant step towards deepening defence technology collaboration between the two nations through the co-development of defence equipment.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is Defence Technology &amp; Trade Initiative (DTTI)?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>DTTI mechanism was launched in 2012. It is not a treaty or a law.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aim: <\/strong>It aims to include strengthening of India\u2019s defence industrial base, exploring new areas of technological development and creating opportunities for co-production and co-development of future technologies for Indian and the US military forces.<\/p>\n<p>Under DTTI, <strong>Joint Working Groups<\/strong> on land, naval, air, and aircraft carrier technologies <strong>have been established<\/strong>. The Project Agreement for co-development of ALUAV has been overseen by these Joint Working Groups.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/explained-how-the-supreme-court-judges-are-appointed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Explained: How the Supreme Court judges are appointed<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><strong>What is the news?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Recently, the appointment of 9 judges takes the Supreme Court (SC) strength to 33, of whom 4 are women.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What are the age criteria for Judges?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The age of retirement is <strong>65 years for SC judges<\/strong> and <strong>62 for HC judges, <\/strong>unlike in the United States, where Supreme Court judges serve for life.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How do the SC judges get appointed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Articles 124(2) and 217 of the Constitution<\/strong>: It governs the appointment of judges to the SC and HC respectively. Under the provisions, the <strong>President has the power to make the appointments<\/strong> \u201cafter consultation with such of the Judges of the SC and of the HC in the States as the President may deem necessary\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Must read<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/the-collegium-system-explained-pointwise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evolution of Collegium System<\/a><\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is the selection process for HC judges?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>For HC appointments, the process is initiated by the HC collegium. The file then moves to the state government, the central government and then to the SC collegium after intelligence reports are gathered on the candidates recommended. This process often takes over a year.<\/p>\n<p>Once the SC collegium clears the names, then the file will go to the government level for final approval and appointment. If the government wants the collegium to reconsider a recommendation, the file is sent back and the collegium can reiterate or withdraw its decision.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How many judges does the Supreme Court have? How is the number decided?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Currently, the Supreme Court has 34 judges, including the CJI. In 1950, when SC was established, it had 8 judges, including the CJI.<\/p>\n<p>Parliament, which has the power to increase the number of judges, has gradually done so by amending the <strong>Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act. <\/strong>The number of judges were increased from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986, 31 in 2009, and 34 in 2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Present Figure:<\/strong> The court continues to have one vacancy and eight more judges are due to retire next year.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>What is the number of women judges?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>SC has had only 11 women judges, including the three women appointed recently.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2018 study by Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy<\/strong> noted that while the representation of women in the lower judiciary is higher at 27%, they hit a glass ceiling in higher appointments \u2014 as district judges and subsequently at the high court level.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong>Read more<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/issue-of-gender-gap-in-judiciary-explained-pointwise\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Issue of Gender Gap in Judiciary \u2013 Explained, Pointwise\u00a0<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: This post is based on the article \u201c<strong>Explained: How Supreme Court judges are appointed<\/strong>\u201d published in\u00a0<strong>the Indian Express<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<strong>4th\u00a0September 2021<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"content-box-green\">\n<p><strong>Terms to know:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/national-judicial-appointments-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Judicial Appointment Commission (NJAC)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/experts-flag-diversion-of-fresh-water-from-brahmani-river\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Experts flag diversion of fresh water from Brahmani river<\/a><\/h3>\n<h5><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Wildlife Society of Orissa (WSO) has expressed concern over the massive diversion of fresh water from the Brahmani river basin which could pose a grave threat to the Bhitarkanika mangroves in Odisha.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>About Bhitarkanika Mangroves<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Bhitarkanika Mangroves <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is a mangrove wetland in Odisha. It covers an area of 650 km in the Brahmani and Baitarani river deltas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ramsar Site<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It was designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importance <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Fauna: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">home to 62 mangrove species. Besides, 1,600 saltwater crocodiles crawl on the mudflats of the Bhitarkanika mangrove forest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Significance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mangroves grow in brackish water. Proportionate freshwater flow from the Brahmani river basin and the Kharasrota river keep the salinity level of the water along the shore down.\u00a0 Hence, the brackish water becomes ideal for the mangroves to grow and stay healthy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>What is the issue?<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><b>Talcher-Angul coal mines <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as well as the Kalinganagar steel and power hub are using enormous quantities of freshwater from the Brahmani river. Moreover, a huge amount of water flow would also be withdrawn for a mega drinking project.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>This diversion and reduction in water flow in Brahmani river<\/strong> would lead to drastic changes in the water regime of the Bhitarkanika mangroves.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Note:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Sundarbans mangrove forest was drastically affected after the Farakka barrage was commissioned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Moreover,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lack of normal flow of freshwater would increase saline ingression upstream. This would affect the local flora and fauna as well as the livelihoods of the farmers and fishermen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Besides,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> there could be a quantum increase in the man\u2013crocodile conflict since the estuarine crocodiles would leave the core sanctuary area and migrate upstream once salinity increases.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201cExperts flag diversion of fresh water from Brahmani river\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in<\/span><b> The Hindu <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>4th September 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/dcgi-approves-clinical-trials-of-biological-e-covid-19-vaccine-corbevax\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DCGI approves clinical trials of Biological E. Covid-19 vaccine CORBEVAX<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phase II\/III clinical trials of the CORBEVAX vaccine in children aged above 5 years. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has also received the nod for conducting Phase III trials in adults.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About CORBEVAX Vaccine:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>CORBEVAX <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is an indigenously<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> produced <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by the Indian pharmaceutical firm Biological E. Limited (BioE).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>It <\/b><b>is a \u201crecombinant protein sub-unit\u201d vaccine <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which means it is made up of a specific part of SARS-CoV-2 \u2014 the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/corbevax-vaccine-and-its-difference-from-other-covid-19-vaccines\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spike protein<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the virus\u2019s surface.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About Subunit Vaccine:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-131531 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=572%2C343&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"572\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C180&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C615&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C461&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C922&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1229&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C941&amp;ssl=1 1568w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vaccines-topics-four-images-working-03-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: WHO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A subunit vaccine is one that only uses the very specific parts (the subunits) of a virus or bacterium that the immune system needs to recognize.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It doesn&#8217;t contain the whole microbe or uses a safe virus as a vector. The subunits may be proteins or sugars.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>DCGI approves clinical trials of Biological E. Covid-19 vaccine CORBEVAX &#8221; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in<\/span><b> PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on<\/span><b> 4th September 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/footprints-of-3-dinosaur-species-found-in-thar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Footprints of 3 dinosaur species found in Thar<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A team of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">palaeontologists have found footprints of three different species of dinosaurs in the Thar desert of Jaisalmer district in Rajasthan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What are the three different Dinosaur Species?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The three species of dinosaurs include <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eubrontes cf. giganteus, Eubrontes glenrosensis and Grallator tenuis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The footprints of these dinosaur species were spotted in the deposits of the seashore which eventually became permanent stone-like figures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These dinosaur species have distinguishing features like hollow bones and feet with three digits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, all these three species belong to the early Jurassic period and were carnivorous.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About Dinosaur<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dinosaur is the common name given to a group of reptiles often very large.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They first appeared roughly 245 million years ago (near the beginning of the Middle Triassic Epoch) and thrived worldwide for nearly 180 million years. Most died out by the end of the Cretaceous Period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201cFootprints of 3 dinosaur species found in Thar<\/b><b>\u201d published in The Hindu on 4th September 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/impact-of-aerosols-and-clouds-on-solar-energy-generation-leading-to-financial-loss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Impact of Aerosols and Clouds on Solar Energy generation leading to financial loss<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A team of Indian and international researchers have conducted a study to understand the economic impact of aerosols, dust, and clouds on solar energy generation from the photovoltaic and rooftop solar installation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What did the study find out?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Solar Energy Generation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has been widely used in developing countries such as India which has sufficient solar resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>However, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clouds and aerosols limit the solar irradiance causing performance issues in the solar energy generation from photovoltaic and rooftop solar installations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The performance issues also result <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in substantial economic impact. The study has estimated that the impact of total aerosol optical depth on Photovoltaic and rooftop installations amount to an annual financial loss of upto 1.55 million Rupees and the corresponding financial loss due to dust and clouds is 0.56 and 2.47 million Rupees.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>This estimation can help the<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indian solar energy producers and the electricity handling entities for efficient transmission and distribution system operations and grid stability optimization.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Impact of Aerosols and Clouds on Solar Energy generation leading to financial loss<\/b><b>\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in<\/span><b> PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>3rd September 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/army-conducts-exercise-with-armoured-elements-in-ladakh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Army conducts exercise with armoured elements in Ladakh<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Army has conducted the live fire exercises in Ladakh using tanks and helicopters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About the Exercise<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The exercise was conducted at a Super High Altitude Area \u2014one higher than 15,000 feet in Ladakh. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was conducted <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under the aegis of the Leh-based 14 Corps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Purpose<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The exercise reviewed the operational preparedness of the Snow Leopard Brigade through integrated manoeuvre and live fire exercises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Note: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Snow Leopard Brigade is located at Nyoma, which is very close to the Chushul range.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About Chushul<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-131478 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/map1.jpg?resize=412%2C213&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"412\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/map1.jpg?w=412&amp;ssl=1 412w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/map1.jpg?resize=300%2C155&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: Indian Express<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chushul is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh. It is located south of Pangong Lake and west of Spanggur Lake.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Line of Actual Control with China runs about 5 miles east of Chushul, across the Chushul Valley.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article <\/span><b>\u201cArmy conducts exercise with armoured elements in Ladakh\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in <\/span><b>The Hindu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on<\/span><b> 4th September 2021<\/b><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/union-minister-launches-ayush-aapke-dwar-campaign-at-ayush-ministry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Union Minister launches \u201cAYUSH AAPKE DWAR\u201d Campaign at Ayush Ministry<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union Minister for Ayush has launched the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAYUSH AAPKE DWAR\u201d campaign from more than 45 locations across the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About AYUSH AAPKE DWAR campaign:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Nodal Ministry: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ministry of Ayush<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aim: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To distribute medicinal plant saplings to 75 lakh households across the country in one year.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The medicinal plants include <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tejpatta, Stevia, Ashoka, Jatamansi, Giloy\/Guduchi, Ashwagandha, Kumari, Shatavari, Lemongrass, Guggulu, Tulsi, Sarpagandha, Kalmegh, Brahmi and Amla.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About <\/b><b>e-CHARAK Platform:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The platform was launched by the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>National Medicinal Plants Board<\/strong> (NMPB), Ministry of Ayush. The <\/span>Full Form of the platform is an\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e-Channel for Herbs, Aromatic, Raw material And Knowledge.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">online market portal for the trade of medicinal plants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source: This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b>Union Minister launches \u201cAYUSH AAPKE DWAR\u201d Campaign<\/b><b>\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in <\/span><b>PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>3rd September 2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/indian-railways-rolls-out-hospital-management-information-system-hmis-over-156-health-facilities-across-indian-railways\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indian Railways rolls out Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) over 156 Health facilities across Indian Railways<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Railways has rolled out the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) over 156 Health facilities across Indian Railways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About <\/b><b>Hospital Management Information System(HMIS)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Objective: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HMIS is an initiative of Indian Railways to bring the entire Railway Health System on a single architecture to provide faster, seamless and hassle free healthcare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Implemented by:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RailTel- a miniratna PSU of Ministry of Railways and C-DAC under Ministry of Electronics &amp; Information Technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Key Features of HMIS:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HMIS will cover clinical care such as labs, Pharmacies as well as Hospital Administration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A mobile app has also been developed which enables the patients to access their Electronic Medical Record (EMR) from anywhere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, features like teleconsultation, lab report access, medicines disbursed to patients have also been provided through this app.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This system is also fully integrable with the<\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/digital-health-mission-a-voluntary-central-repository-of-records-ministry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> National Digital Health Mission<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> program of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will bring improvement in patient care and patient services to approximately 10 million Railway health beneficiaries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">his post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b>Indian Railways rolls out Hospital Management Information System(HMIS)\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in <\/span><b>PIB<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>3rd September 2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/hansa-new-generation-ng-aircraft-designed-and-developed-by-csir-nal-successfully-make-its-maiden-flight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hansa New Generation (NG) aircraft, designed and developed by CSIR-NAL, successfully make its maiden flight<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hansa New Generation (NG) aircraft has successfully made its maiden flight from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) airport.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About Hansa New Generation(NG) aircraft<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Hansa New Generation(NG) aircraft <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is an <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">upgraded version of the two-seater Hansa trainer aircraft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Designed by: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Features:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The unique features of Hansa-NG are<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glass cockpit with cabin comfort<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Highly efficient digitally controlled engine<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrically operated flaps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Long endurance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low acquisition and low operating cost.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>About National Aerospace Laboratories(NAL):<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NAL was established in 1959. It is a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">constituent of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is India\u2019s only government-owned aerospace research and development laboratory in the civilian sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article \u201c<\/span><b>Hansa New Generation (NG) aircraft, designed and developed by CSIR-NAL<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d published in\u00a0 <\/span><b>PIB<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>3rd September 2021<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/scientists-develop-bio-methanation-technology-for-integrated-treatment-of-sewage-organic-solid-waste\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientists develop bio-methanation technology for integrated treatment of sewage, organic solid waste<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Scientists have developed a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">high rate biomethanation technology for the integrated treatment of sewage and organic solid waste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>What is Biomethanation Technology?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic conditions to biogas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About High Rate <\/b><b>Biomethanation Technology:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High Rate <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biomethanation Technology has been developed to<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> convert sewage into clean water, biogas and manure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has been developed with the support of<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0the \u2018Waste Management Technology\u2019 program.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>About Waste Management Technology Program:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has been launched by the <strong>Department<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> of Science &amp; Technology (DST)<\/strong> in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2015 in alignment with <strong>Swachh Bharath Abhiyan<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Aim:<\/strong> To promote the development of suitable technologies with the potential to clean the environment from the huge amount of residuals generated by industrial development and consumption lifestyles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201c<\/b><b>Scientists develop bio-methanation technology for integrated treatment of sewage<\/b><b>\u201d published in PIB <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on <\/span><b>3rd September 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a id=\"f13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/govt-sets-exports-target-for-textile-industry-at-100-bn-up-from-33-bn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Govt sets exports target for textile industry at $100 bn, up from $33 bn<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><b>What is the News?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union Minister for Textiles has asked the textile industry to set an aim to increase textiles exports three times from the present export value of $33 billion to $100 billion of textiles exports.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>India\u2019s Textile and Apparel Industry:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is among the world&#8217;s largest producers of Textiles and Apparel. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The domestic textiles and apparel industry contributes<strong> 5% to India\u2019s GDP and 12% of the country\u2019s export<\/strong> earnings.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is the 6th largest exporter of textiles and apparel in the world. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The share of India\u2019s textiles and apparel exports in mercantile exports is 11% for the year 2019-20.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The textiles and apparel industry in India is the 2nd largest employer in the country providing direct employment to 45 million people and 100 million people in allied industries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Export Target for Textile Sector:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>The government aims to <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reach the target of $ 44 bn of exports in 2021-22 for Textiles &amp; Apparel including Handicrafts from the present export value of $33 bn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Initiatives to improve exports in Textiles:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/boosting-textile-industry-through-technology-upgradation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme(ATUFS)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/samarth-scheme\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SAMARTH Scheme<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/production-linked-incentive-or-pli-scheme-and-its-challenges-explained-pointwise\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in Textiles Products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/mega-investment-textiles-parks-mitra-scheme-for-textile-sector\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) Scheme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under this, there is a plan to establish Seven textile parks over three years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This post is based on the article<\/span><b> \u201cGovt sets export target for textile industry at $100 bn, up from $33 bn\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in<\/span><b> PIB<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on <\/span><b>4th September 2021.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dear Friends, We have initiated some changes in the 9 PM Brief and other postings related to current affairs.\u00a0What we sought to do: Ensure that all relevant facts, data, and arguments from today\u2019s newspaper are readily available to you. We have widened the sources to provide you with content that is more than enough and&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/9-pm-daily-current-affairs-brief-september-4th-2021\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">9 PM Daily Current Affairs Brief \u2013 September 4th, 2021<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":80068,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,9],"tags":[8032,1542,9388],"class_list":["post-131600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-pm-brief","category-public","tag-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-daily-current-affairs-for-upsc","tag-upsc-current-affairs-upsc","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/9-PM-Brief-1-e1615452440806.png?fit=600%2C335&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1700319410},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131600"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131600\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}