{"id":13452,"date":"2017-12-20T12:55:49","date_gmt":"2017-12-20T07:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/?p=13452"},"modified":"2017-12-19T11:57:42","modified_gmt":"2017-12-19T06:27:42","slug":"answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-december-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-december-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 December 19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.forumias.com\/mains-marathon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Archives<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.1) Where has the PwD Act, 1995 possibly lagged for which The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill \u2013 2016 has been introduced? Mention the major provisions embodied in the new Act. (GS-2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Rajya Sabha, on 16<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> December, 2016, the Lok Sabha passed &#8220;The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill &#8211; 2016&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill <\/span><b>replaces the existing PwD Act, 1995<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which was enacted 21 years back.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Where did the PwD Act, 1995 possibly lag?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The PwD Act, 1995 had an array of limitations. They are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Absence of protection against discrimination:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new &#8220;The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill &#8211; 2016&#8221; empowers the right to equality, preservation of dignity and personal liberty which was absent in the PwD Act, 1995.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Limitation in types of disability:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disability being a dynamic concept needed an expansion in its types; the former act had incorporated only seven types of disability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Absence of benchmark disabilities:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 1995 Act had no special provision for persons with benchmark disabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Limited social security:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 1995 Act\u2019s focus on social security was limited to financial assistance and insurance coverage-community participation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The recreational approaches were ignored.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Weak enforcement:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Penal provisions for violating the provisions of the 1995 Act was weak.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also the Officer of Chief Commissioner and State Commissioner for PwDs was not vested with enough strength and power.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>The salient features of the &#8220;The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill &#8211; 2016&#8221; are:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The new &#8220;The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill &#8211; 2016&#8221; comes up with the following advantages for the differently-abled ones:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Addition in types of disability:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disability has been defined based on an <\/span><b>evolving and dynamic concept<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The types of disabilities have been <\/span><b>increased from existing 7 to 21<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Central Government will have the <\/span><b>power to add more types of disabilities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Education:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every child with benchmark disability will get free<\/span><b> education from 6 to 18 years of the age. <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Reservation:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reservation to the differently abled person in the education and government jobs has been <\/span><b>increased from 3% to 4%.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Infrastructure:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An important distinguishing feature of the 2016 Act is that it <\/span><b>provides for time limits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> within which <\/span><b>existing infrastructure and premises should be made disabled friendly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The obligations laid down in the Act are <\/span><b>mandatory for both government and private establishments.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Fund:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creation of <\/span><b>National and State Fund <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">will be created to provide financial support to the persons with disabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The existing National Fund for Persons with Disabilities and the Trust Fund for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities will be <\/span><b>subsumed with the National Fund<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Grant of guardianship:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Bill provides for <\/span><b>grant of guardianship by District Court,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under which there will be joint decision, making between the guardian and the persons with disabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Persons with benchmark disabilities:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional benefits such as reservation in higher education, government jobs, reservation in allocation of land, poverty alleviation schemes etc. have been provided for <\/span><b>persons with benchmark disabilities and those with high support needs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion: <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It becomes the duty of the <\/span><b>Union, states as well as Union Territories<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to take up the matter<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lastly, the <\/span><b>citizens of the country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should not leave any stone unturned to make the lives of the differently abled ones much easier. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.2) With a brief background on Make in India 2.0, explain the key areas where India should concentrate for a successful \u201cMake in India 2.0\u201d? (GS-2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMake in India\u201d is a <\/span><b>government flagship programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first phase of the Make in India programme intended to ease the <\/span><b>processes for businesses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; while the second part will make it <\/span><b>more of a people&#8217;s movement.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Make in India 2.0 will boost the <\/span><b>manufacturing sector <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">via the initiatives like <\/span><b>Digital India, Skill India and soon to be launched Start-up India.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion is said to be drawing up the action plan for Start-up India initiative.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What are the key areas where should India concentrate for a successful \u201cMake in India 2.0\u201d?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The key areas to be focused on for a successful \u201cMake in India 2.0\u201d are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the manufacturing in India needs to continue then there is a need to give a <\/span><b>thrust to the exports.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Increasing the price of crude <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">could reduce our competitiveness sizably and affect the export of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The appreciation in the rupee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> takes its hit straight away on the exports while increasing the imports and widening the current account deficit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though India has done well in Ease of Doing Business, but its <\/span><b>cross border trade quantity is very low.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India should make a stronger bond with China for it is the chief <\/span><b>supporter of free trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Centre should also <\/span><b>back labour-intensive sectors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and it should be of<\/span><b> low technology and low cost.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The real reforms for should be made in <\/span><b>the district and state<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> level that has to <\/span><b>drive employment.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There should be a <\/span><b>global brand for exports.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government should also keep a strict <\/span><b>check on price rise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Conclusion: <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For a succesful \u201cMake in India 2.0\u201d, the country needs to improve considerably in order to achieve world standards and be a part of the global supply chain.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Q.3) \u201cEmission from airplanes is a new threat for earth&#8217;s Ozone layer.\u201d Discuss. (GS 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Introduction:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ozone layer is a <\/span><b>deep layer in earth\u2019s atmosphere<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that contains ozone which is a naturally occurring molecule containing three oxygen atoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These ozone molecules form a gaseous layer in the Earth\u2019s upper atmosphere called <\/span><b>stratosphere.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the layer where most <\/span><b>commercial airliners fly and weather balloons travel to<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With due course of time, aviation has experienced <\/span><b>rapid expansion as the world economy has grown.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But along with the expansion <\/span><b>the total aviation emissions have increased<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b> How Do Aircraft Affect Climate and Ozone?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aircraft emit gases and particles directly into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where they have an impact on atmospheric composition. Their immediate adverse affects are as follows:<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aircraft emit gases and particles directly into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where they have an <\/span><b>impact on atmospheric composition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These gases and particles also <\/span><b>alter the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These gases may increase <\/span><b>cirrus cloudiness-all of which contribute to climate change.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Black Carbon (BC):<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Airplanes are subjected to eject significant amounts of Black Carbon (BC) \u2014 a pollutant which may be a <\/span><b>contribution in depleting the ozone layer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>can linger long enough to provide a fertile ground for other chemical reactions that can deplete<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the ozone layer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its particles strongly <\/span><b>absorb solar and terrestrial radiation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>heats up the atmosphere<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>If deposited on snow, it could accelerate the heating of snow and quicken the melting of glaciers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Archives\u00a0 Q.1) Where has the PwD Act, 1995 possibly lagged for which The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill \u2013 2016 has been introduced? Mention the major provisions embodied in the new Act. (GS-2) Introduction: After Rajya Sabha, on 16th December, 2016, the Lok Sabha passed &#8220;The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill &#8211; 2016&#8221;.&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/answers-mains-marathon-upsc-mains-current-affairs-questions-december-19\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Answers: Mains Marathon \u2013 UPSC Mains Current Affairs Questions \u2013 December 19<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":2292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mains-marathon-answers","category-public","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pen-paper-laptop.jpg?fit=1000%2C500&ssl=1","views":{"total":0,"cached_at":"","cached_date":1704833256},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13452\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forumias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}